痛心

Chinese

		ache; pain; sorrow	heart; mind
simp. and trad. (痛心)		痛	心
anagram		心痛

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tòngxīn

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄥˋ ㄒㄧㄣ
Cantonese (Jyutping): tung³ sam¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thung-sîm
Min Nan (POJ): thòng-sim

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: tòngxīn
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥˋ ㄒㄧㄣ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tonqshin
  - IPA ^(key): /tʰʊŋ⁵¹ ɕin⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: tung³ sam¹
  - Yale: tung sām
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tung³ sam¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: tung³ sem¹
  - IPA ^(key): /tʰʊŋ³³ sɐm⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thung-sîm
  - Hakka Romanization System: tung xim´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: tung⁴ xim¹
  - IPA: /tʰuŋ⁵⁵ ɕim²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thòng-sim
  - Tâi-lô: thòng-sim
  - Phofsit Daibuun: torngsym
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tʰɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ɕim⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɕim³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ ɕim⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tʰɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ ɕim⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ ɕim⁴⁴/

Adjective

痛心

pained; distressed; grieved

Synonyms

Synonyms of 痛心

傷心／伤心 (shāngxīn)
傷悲／伤悲 (shāngbēi) (literary)
傷感／伤感 (shānggǎn)
傷懷／伤怀 (shānghuái) (literary)
傷神／伤神 (shāngshén) (literary)
哀傷／哀伤 (āishāng)
哀怨 (āiyuàn)
哀痛 (āitòng)
心酸 (xīnsuān)
悄然 (qiǎorán) (literary)
悲傷／悲伤 (bēishāng)
悲哀 (bēi'āi)
悲慟／悲恸 (bēitòng)
悲涼／悲凉 (bēiliáng)
悲痛 (bēitòng)
悽惶／凄惶 (qīhuáng) (literary)

悽愴／凄怆 (qīchuàng) (literary)
感傷／感伤 (gǎnshāng)
愴然／怆然 (chuàngrán) (literary)
憂傷／忧伤 (yōushāng)
憂愁／忧愁 (yōuchóu)
沉痛 (chéntòng)
淒切／凄切 (qīqiè)
淒惻／凄恻 (qīcè) (literary)
淒慘／凄惨 (qīcǎn)
淒楚／凄楚 (qīchǔ)
淒涼／凄凉 (qīliáng)
淒然／凄然 (qīrán) (literary)
肅殺／肃杀 (sùshā) (of autumn or winter)
酸心 (suānxīn)
難過／难过 (nánguò)
黯然 (ànrán)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
痛	心
つう Grade: 6	しん Grade: 2
on’yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 痛心 (thuwng^H sim, literally “pained heart”).

Pronunciation

On’yomi: Goon
- (Tokyo) つうしん [tsùúshíń] (Heiban – [0])[1]
- IPA^(key): [t͡sɨᵝːɕĩɴ]

Noun

痛心 (hiragana つうしん, rōmaji tsūshin)

emotional suffering, extreme worry or anxiety

Verb

痛心する (intransitive, hiragana つうしんする, rōmaji tsūshin suru)

to suffer emotionally, to be extremely worried or anxious

Conjugation

Conjugation of "痛心する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	痛心し	つうしんし	tsūshin shi
Continuative (連用形)	痛心し	つうしんし	tsūshin shi
Terminal (終止形)	痛心する	つうしんする	tsūshin suru
Attributive (連体形)	痛心する	つうしんする	tsūshin suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	痛心すれ	つうしんすれ	tsūshin sure
Imperative (命令形)	痛心せよ¹ 痛心しろ²	つうしんせよ¹ つうしんしろ²	tsūshin seyo¹ tsūshin shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	痛心される	つうしんされる	tsūshin sareru
Causative	痛心させる痛心さす	つうしんさせるつうしんさす	tsūshin saseru tsūshin sasu
Potential	痛心できる	つうしんできる	tsūshin dekiru
Volitional	痛心しよう	つうしんしよう	tsūshin shiyō
Negative	痛心しない	つうしんしない	tsūshin shinai
Negative continuative	痛心せず	つうしんせず	tsūshin sezu
Formal	痛心します	つうしんします	tsūshin shimasu
Perfective	痛心した	つうしんした	tsūshin shita
Conjunctive	痛心して	つうしんして	tsūshin shite
Hypothetical conditional	痛心すれば	つうしんすれば	tsūshin sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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