掌

掌	U+638C, 掌 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-638C

← 掋
[U+638B]

CJK Unified Ideographs

掍 →
[U+638D]

Translingual

Han character

掌 (radical 64, 手+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 火月口手 (FBRQ), four-corner 9050₂, composition ⿱尚手)

References

KangXi: page 437, character 5

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12248

Dae Jaweon: page 786, character 13

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1889, character 2

Unihan data for U+638C

Chinese

simp. and trad.		掌

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 掌
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (尚) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
當	taːŋ, taːŋs
襠	*taːŋ
鐺	taːŋ, sʰraːŋ
簹	*taːŋ
璫	*taːŋ
檔	taːŋ, taːŋs
儅	taːŋ, taːŋs
蟷	*taːŋ
擋	taːŋʔ, taːŋs
黨	taːŋʔ, tʰaːŋʔ
讜	*taːŋʔ
欓	*taːŋʔ
譡	*taːŋs
闣	*taːŋs
瓽	*taːŋs
鏜	*tʰaːŋ
闛	tʰaːŋ, daːŋ
鼞	*tʰaːŋ
曭	*tʰaːŋʔ
儻	tʰaːŋʔ, tʰaːŋs
戃	*tʰaːŋʔ
矘	*tʰaːŋʔ
爣	*tʰaːŋʔ
攩	hl'aːŋʔ, ɦʷlaːŋʔ, *ɦʷlaːŋs
淌	*tʰaːŋʔ
倘	*tʰaːŋʔ
躺	*tʰaːŋʔ
趟	tʰaːŋs, rtaːŋ, *rtaːŋs
堂	*daːŋ
坣	*daːŋ
棠	*daːŋ
糛	*daːŋ
螳	*daːŋ
隚	*daːŋ
橖	*daːŋ
掌	*tjaŋʔ
廠	tʰjaŋʔ, tʰjaŋs
敞	*tʰjaŋʔ
僘	*tʰjaŋʔ
氅	*tʰjaŋʔ
常	*djaŋ
嘗	*djaŋ
裳	*djaŋ
徜	*djaŋ
尚	djaŋ, djaŋs
甞	*djaŋ
鋿	*djaŋ
嫦	*djaŋ
償	djaŋ, djaŋs
賞	*hjaŋʔ
瞠	*rtʰaːŋ
撐	*rtʰaːŋ
樘	*rtʰaːŋ
橕	*rtʰaːŋ
牚	*rtʰaːŋs
埫	*tʰoŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *tjaŋʔ) : phonetic 尚 (OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs) + semantic 手.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): zhǎng (zhang³)

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄤˇ

(Chengdu, SP): zang³
Cantonese (Jyutping): zoeng²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chóng
Min Dong (BUC): ciēng / ciōng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): chiúⁿ / chióⁿ / chńg / chéng / chín / chióng / chiáng

(Teochew, Peng'im): zion² / ziên²
Wu (Wiktionary): tsaan (T2)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: zhǎng
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄤˇ
  - Wade–Giles: chang³
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jaang
  - IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɑŋ²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: zang³
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zang
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡saŋ⁵³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: zoeng²
  - Yale: jéung
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzoeng²
  - Guangdong Romanization: zêng²
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡ʃœ̽ːŋ³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chóng
  - Hakka Romanization System: zong`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zong³
  - IPA: /t͡soŋ³¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ciēng / ciōng
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sieŋ³³/, /t͡suoŋ³³/

Note:

ciēng - vernacular (“finger”);
ciōng - literary.

Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Taichung, Hsinchu, Lukang, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiúⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: tsiúnn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cviuo
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕiũ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kinmen): /t͡ɕiũ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕiũ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Tainan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chióⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: tsiónn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cvioir
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕiɔ̃⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chńg
  - Tâi-lô: tsńg
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zngr
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sŋ̍⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Kinmen): /t͡sŋ̍⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Hsinchu, Yilan, Magong)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chéng
  - Tâi-lô: tsíng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zeang
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou, Taipei): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Magong)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chín
  - Tâi-lô: tsín
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cien
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chióng
  - Tâi-lô: tsióng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciorng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕiɔŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /t͡ɕiɔŋ⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiáng
  - Tâi-lô: tsiáng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciarng
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /t͡ɕiaŋ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕiaŋ⁴¹/

Note:

chiúⁿ/chióⁿ - vernacular (“palm”);
chńg/chéng/chín - vernacular (“finger”, often written as 指, e.g. 掌甲, 掌頭仔);
chióng/chiáng - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zion² / ziên²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsióⁿ / tsiéⁿ
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sĩõ⁵²/, /t͡sĩẽ⁵²/

Note:

zion2 - Shantou;
ziên2 - Chaozhou.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: tsaan (T2)
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sɑ̃³⁴/

Middle Chinese: /t͡ɕɨɐŋ^X/▼

Rime
Character	掌
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	諸兩切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕɨɐŋ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiɐŋ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕiɑŋ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cɨaŋ^X/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiaŋ^X/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭaŋ^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯aŋ^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhǎng

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k.t]aŋʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*tjaŋʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	掌
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhǎng
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyang^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[k.t]aŋʔ/
English	palm of the hand
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	掌
Reading #	1/1
No.	11146
Phonetic component	尚
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	掌
Old Chinese	/*tjaŋʔ/

Definitions

掌

palm of hand
sole of foot
shoe sole or heel
horseshoe
to slap
to hold
to control
(dialectal Mandarin) to put (seasoning)
(Sichuan) to support; to hold

Compounds

主掌 (zhǔzhǎng)
仙人掌 (xiānrénzhǎng)
合掌 (hézhǎng)
執掌／执掌 (zhízhǎng)
巴掌 (bāzhang)
手掌 (shǒuzhǎng)
掌上壓／掌上压
掌上明珠
掌上電腦／掌上电脑
掌中戲／掌中戏
掌事
掌勺 (zhǎngsháo)
掌勺儿
掌印
掌嘴
掌子
掌子面
掌廚／掌厨 (zhǎngchú)

掌心 (zhǎngxīn)
掌控 (zhǎngkòng)
掌握 (zhǎngwò)
掌握電腦／掌握电脑
掌摑／掌掴 (zhǎngguāi)
掌擊／掌击
掌故 (zhǎnggù)
掌案兒的／掌案儿的
掌櫃／掌柜 (zhǎngguì)
掌櫃的／掌柜的
掌權／掌权 (zhǎngquán)
掌灶 (zhǎngzào)
掌燈／掌灯
掌班
掌璽大臣／掌玺大臣
掌璽官／掌玺官
掌相
掌秤

掌管 (zhǎngguǎn)
掌紋／掌纹
掌聲／掌声 (zhǎngshēng)
掌聲雷動／掌声雷动
掌舵 (zhǎngduò)
掌鍋／掌锅
掌門／掌门 (zhǎngmén)
掌門人／掌门人 (zhǎngménrén)
掌鞭
掌鞭的
掌骨 (zhǎnggǔ)
接掌
揚掌／扬掌 (yángzhǎng)
熊掌 (xióngzhǎng)
穿掌
蘭花掌／兰花掌 (lánhuāzhǎng)
馬掌／马掌 (mǎzhǎng)
鼓掌 (gǔzhǎng)

Descendants

→ Mongolian: зан (zan, “sole”)

Japanese

Kanji

掌

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)^{←しやう (syau, historical)}
Kan-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)^{←しやう (syau, historical)}
Kun: てのひら (tenohira, 掌); たなごころ (tanagokoro, 掌); たなそこ (tanasoko, 掌); つかさどる (tsukasadoru, 掌る)

Compounds

掌握
掌鞅
掌管
掌故
掌中
掌典

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
掌
てのひら Grade: S
kun’yomi

From 手 (te, “hand”) +‎ の (no, possessive particle) +‎ 平 (hira, “flat”). Compare English flat of one's hand.

Alternative forms

手の平
手のひら

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi
- (Tokyo) てのひら [tènóꜜhìrà] (Nakadaka – [2])
- (Tokyo) てのひら [téꜜnòhìrà] (Atamadaka – [1])
- IPA^(key): [te̞no̞çiɾa̠]

Noun

掌 (hiragana てのひら, rōmaji te no hira)

(anatomy) a palm

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
掌
たなうら Grade: S
kun’yomi

From 手 (ta, “hand”) +‎ な (na, archaic possessive particle) +‎ 裏 (ura, “back side; bottom side; face-down side; palmar/plantar side”)

Noun

掌 (hiragana たなうら, rōmaji tanaura)

(anatomy) a palm

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
掌
たなごころ Grade: S
kun’yomi

From 手 (ta, “hand”) +‎ な (na, archaic possessive particle) +‎ 心 (kokoro, “heart; inside”)

Noun

掌 (hiragana たなごころ, rōmaji tanagokoro)

(anatomy) a palm

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
掌
しょう Grade: S
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 掌 (MC t͡ɕɨɐŋ^X)

Suffix

掌 (hiragana しょう, rōmaji -shō, historical hiragana しやう)

(martial arts) used in the names of moves that involve hitting and pushing hard with the palm
条 (じゅう)拳 (けん)法 (ぽう)　八 (はっ)卦 (け)六 (ろく)十 (じゅう)四 (よん)掌 (しょう)
Jūkenpō Hakke Rokujūyonshō
Jūkenpō: Eight Trigrams, Sixty-Four Palms
- 2003 September 22, Uraku, Akinobu, “第だい60話わ　少しょう女じょの決けつ意い [Chapter 60: A Girl’s Resolve]”, in 東とう京きょうアンダーグラウンド [Tokyo Underground], volume 11 (fiction), Square Enix, →ISBN, pages 30–31:
  
  これがこの赤 (セキ)を師 (スー)兵 (ペイ)の頂 (ちょう)点 (てん)たらしめる炎 (ほのお)だッ!!!我 (が)龍 (りゅう)双 (そう)煉 (れん)掌 (しょう)
  Kore ga kono Seki o Sūpei no chōten tarashimeru honō da'!!! Garyū Sōrenshō
  This is the flame that helped put me, Seki, at the top of the Supei!!! Garyū Sōrenshō

Korean

Hanja

掌 (eumhun 손바닥 장 (sonbadak jang))

Hanja form^? of 손바닥 (“palm of the hand”).

Vietnamese

Han character

掌 (chưởng)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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