朝
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Translingual
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Han character
朝 (radical 74, 月+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 十十月 (JJB), four-corner 47420, composition ⿰龺月)
References
- KangXi: page 506, character 3
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14374
- Dae Jaweon: page 885, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 2084, character 8
- Unihan data for U+671D
Chinese
simp. and trad. |
朝 | |
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variant forms | 𦩻 晁 𨊸 調/调 ancient |
Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (朝) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
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Old Chinese | |
嘲 | *ʔr'eːw |
廟 | *mrews |
朝 | *ʔr'ew, *r'ew |
潮 | *r'ew |
In the oracle bone script, it was an ideogrammic compound (會意) : 2 or 4 屮 (“grass”) + 日 (“sun”) + 月 (“moon”) – the sun rising above the grass while the waning moon is still in the sky – the morning.
In the bronze script, it was a compound of 𠦝 and a pictograph of a river (川 or 水) – this is the original form of 潮 (OC *r'ew, “tide”). The river glyph may be a corruption of 月 due to association with tides. Chi (2010) considers such forms to be phono-semantic (形聲) , where 𠦝 is the abbreviated form of the phonetic 朝 (OC *ʔr'ew, *r'ew). In the late Western Zhou forms, 𠦝 is corrupted into 車.
In the stone drum inscriptions (石鼓文), 㫃 is added (attached to 車), and the river glyph is replaced with 舟 (OC *tjɯw), which acts as a phonetic component; the small seal script likely inherits from this form. Shuowen interprets the fused component of 𠦝 and 㫃 as a semantic component 倝 (“dawn”). The 舟 component is also seen in the bamboo and wooden slips of the Warring States period.
In the clerical script, 舟 is reverted to 月; it is unclear whether this is a remnant from 月 in the oracle bone script or a corruption of 舟 (as in 朕 < 𦩎). The current form is essentially inherited from the clerical script.
Etymology
“Morning” > “perform the morning ceremony” > “to go/come to court; to have an audience”. Derivative: 潮 (OC *r'ew, “morning tide”).
Perhaps related to Thai เพรา (prao, “morning”) (Manomaivibool, 1975).
Pronunciation 1
Definitions
朝
Compounds
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Pronunciation 2
Definitions
朝
- (historical) to wish elders or seniors good health; to visit (a senior person)
- (historical) to have an audience with the king or emperor; to perform the morning ceremony; to go to court
- to make a pilgrimage to; to pay homage to
- to assemble; to call; to gather
- imperial court
- dynasty (line of rulers)
- emperor's reign; period ruled by a particular emperor or king
- government; imperial government
- affairs of the state
- (historical) courtier class
- (Huizhou) paternal grandfather
- towards; to; on; facing
- Short for 朝鮮/朝鲜 (Cháoxiǎn, “North Korea; Korea”).
Synonyms
Compounds
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Japanese
Kanji
Readings
Compounds
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
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朝 |
あさ Grade: 2 |
kun’yomi |
Historically a day was split into two halves:
- afternoon cycle: 朝 (asa), 昼 (hiru), 夕 (yū)
- evening cycle: 夕べ (yūbe), 宵 (yoi), 夜中 (yonaka), 暁 (akatsuki), 朝 (ashita)
While asa and ashita represent the same time period, asa was associated with beginning of the afternoon and ashita was associated with the end of the night. Both terms share an initial as- and are likely etymologically related.
Pronunciation
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
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朝 |
あした Grade: 2 |
kun’yomi |
Historically a day was split into two halves:
- afternoon cycle: 朝 (asa), 昼 (hiru), 夕 (yū)
- evening cycle: 夕べ (yūbe), 宵 (yoi), 夜中 (yonaka), 暁 (akatsuki), 朝 (ashita)
While asa and ashita represent the same time period, asa was associated with beginning of the afternoon and ashita was associated with the end of the night. Both terms share an initial as- and are likely etymologically related.
Pronunciation
Alternative forms
Usage notes
The spelling 明日 is much more common in modern Japanese.
References
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 1974, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Second Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō
- 2002, 京阪系アクセント辞典 (A Dictionary of Tone on Words of the Keihan-type Dialects) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Bensei, →ISBN
- 2002, 京阪系アクセント辞典 (A Dictionary of Tone on Words of the Keihan-type Dialects) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Bensei, →ISBN
Korean
Vietnamese
Readings
- Nôm: chào, chầu, chiều, chìu, dèo, giàu, trào, trèo, triêu, triều
References
- Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
- Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
- Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville