水

See also: 𣱱, 氺, 氷, 永, and 氵
水 U+6C34, 水
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6C34
← 氳
[U+6C33] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 氵 →
[U+6C35]

Translingual
Stroke order
Stroke order

Alternative forms
  • ⽔ (U+2F54, Kangxi radical)
  • 氵 (when used as a left radical)
  • 氺 (when used in characters such as 泰)

Han character

水 (radical 85, 水+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 水 (E), four-corner 12230, composition ⿲㇇亅⿺乀丿(GJKV) or ⿲㇇亅⿱丿乀(HT))

  1. Kangxi radical #85, ⽔.

Derived characters
  • Index:Chinese radical/水
  • 尿, 𤆩, 𤆲

References

Wikidata

  • KangXi: page 603, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17083
  • Dae Jaweon: page 992, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1545, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+6C34

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 水
variant forms 𡿭
𣸕

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 水
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (水) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
沝 *qʷljilʔ
水 *qʰʷljilʔ


Pictogram (象形) – compare 川 (chuān).

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lwi(j) (“flow; stream”) (Benedict, 1974; Coblin, 1986; Handel, 1998; Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). Cognate with Mizo lui (“stream; brook; river”), Tedim Chin [script needed] (luːi³, “stream; river”), Jingpho lawi (“to flow (as water)”).

Old Chinese 水 (OC lhuiʔ) (minimally reconstructed) is Sino-Tibetan root's endoactive derivation with suffix *-ʔ, meaning "that which is flowing"; its voiceless initial suggests the presence of a nominalizing prefix *k- or *s-. Another derivative from the Sino-Tibetan root is possibly 泫 (OC winʔ, “to flow”) (minimally reconstructed).

Compare also areal etymon Proto-Mon-Khmer *lujʔ ~ luuj() ~ luəj() ~ ləəj() (“to wade; to swim”).

Pronunciation
Note:
  • chúi - vernacular;
  • súi - literary.
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 水
Mandarin Beijing /ʂuei²¹⁴/
Harbin /ʂuei²¹³/
/suei²¹³/
Tianjin /suei¹³/
Jinan /ʂuei⁵⁵/
Qingdao /ʂue⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ʂuei⁵³/
Xi'an /fei⁵³/
Xining /fɨ⁵³/
Yinchuan /ʂuei⁵³/
Lanzhou /fei⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /ʂuei⁵¹/
/fei⁵¹/
Wuhan /suei⁴²/
Chengdu /suei⁵³/
Guiyang /suei⁴²/
Kunming /ʂuei⁵³/
Nanjing /ʂuəi²¹²/
Hefei /ʂue²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /suei⁵³/
Pingyao /suei⁵³/
Hohhot /suei⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /sz̩³⁵/
Suzhou /sz̩ʷ⁵¹/
Hangzhou /sz̩ʷei⁵³/
Wenzhou /sz̩³⁵/
Hui Shexian /ɕye³⁵/
/ɕy³⁵/
Tunxi /ɕy³¹/
Xiang Changsha /ɕyei⁴¹/
Xiangtan /ɕyəi⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /sui²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /sui³¹/
Taoyuan /ʃui³¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /søy³⁵/
Nanning /sui³⁵/
Hong Kong /søy³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /sui⁵³/
/t͡sui⁵³/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /t͡suoi³²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /sy²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡sui⁵³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /sui³¹/
/tui²¹³/
Rime
Character 水
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 脂 (18)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) Chongniu III
Fanqie 式軌切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɕˠiuɪX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɕʷᵚiX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɕiuɪX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɕjwiX/
Li
Rong		 /ɕjuiX/
Wang
Li		 /ɕwiX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɕwiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shuǐ
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 水
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shuǐ
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ sywijX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*s.turʔ/ (E dialect: *-r > *-j)
English water; river

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 水
Reading # 1/1
No. 11948
Phonetic
component		 水
Rime
group		 脂
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 水
Old
Chinese		 /*qʰʷljilʔ/

Definitions

水

  1. water (Classifier: 瓶; 滴; 池; 盆; 杯)
  2. liquid; potion; juice
    口水  ―  kǒushuǐ  ―  saliva
    羊水  ―  yángshuǐ  ―  amniotic fluid
    眼藥水 / 眼药水  ―  yǎnyàoshuǐ  ―  eyedrop
  3. (colloquial, chiefly Singapore, Malaysia) Synonym of 飲料／饮料 (yǐnliào, “beverage”).
    要叫什麼水？ / 要叫什么水？  ―  Yào jiào shénme shuǐ?  ―  What beverage do you want to order?
    欲叫什物水？ [Min Nan]  ―  Beh kiò sím-mi̍h chúi? [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  What beverage do you want to order?
  4. river
    漢水 / 汉水  ―  Hànshuǐ  ―  the Han River
  5. body of water
  6. waterway
  7. flood
    大水  ―  dàshuǐ  ―  (literally) great water
  8. additional cost or income
  9. (Cantonese) money
  10. (Hong Kong Cantonese) hundred dollars (Classifier: 嚿／𫩥)
    三嚿水 / 三𫩥水 [Cantonese]  ―  saam1 gau6 seoi2 [Jyutping]  ―  three hundred dollars
  11. (colloquial) lacking substance or power; worthless
  12. Classifier for the number of times clothing was washed.
  13. Sui people
    水書 / 水书  ―  shuǐshū  ―  Shuishu (the traditional writing system of the Sui people)
  14. A surname​.
Descendants
Sino-Xenic (水):

Compounds
Derived terms

Etymology 2
For pronunciation and definitions of 水 – see 媠 (“Min Nan: pretty; beautiful”).
(This character, 水, is a variant form of 媠.)

Japanese

Kanji
水

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. water
  2. body of water
  3. fluid, liquid
  4. Short for 水素 (suiso): hydrogen

Readings

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
水
みず
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

⟨mi1du⟩ → */mʲidu/ → /mid͡zu/ → /mizu/

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *mentu. Cognate with Proto-Ryukyuan *mezu (whence Toku-No-Shima むぃずぃ (/mɨdzɨ/), Okinawan みじ (/midʑi/ → miji), Miyako みず (midzɿ) and Yonaguni みん (/miɴ/ → min)). Also Goguryeo 買 (*me, “river, water”) is suspected to be a relative.[1]

Possibly cognate with 瑞 (⟨mi1du⟩ → mizu, “freshness, youth”).

Pronunciation

Noun

水 (hiragana みず, rōmaji mizu, historical hiragana みづ)

  1. water (sometimes cold and/or fresh)
    • 1999 July 22, “水みずの踊おどり子こ [Water Dancer]”, in Vol.4, Konami:
      かめから次 (つぎ)々 (つぎ)とあふれでる水 (みず)を、竜 (りゅう)に変 (か)えて攻 (こう)撃 (げき)してくる。
      Kame kara tsugitsugi to afurederu mizu o, ryū ni kaete kōgeki shitekuru.
      When attacking, she transforms the constant overflow of water from her pot into a dragon.
    Synonyms: ウオーター (uōtā), ウォーター (wōtā)
    Antonym: 湯 (yu)
  2. drinking water
    Synonyms: 飲水 (insui, nomimizu), 飲用水 (in'yōsui), 飲料水 (inryōsui)
  3. a fluid, liquid
    Synonym: 液体 (ekitai)
  4. a flood
    Synonyms: 大水 (ōmizu), 洪水 (kōzui), 出水 (shussui)
  5. (sumo) Short for 水入り (mizuiri) halting
  6. (sumo) Short for 力水 (chikara mizu) water offered to sumo wrestlers before a bout
Derived terms
Derived terms
Idioms
Idioms
  • 水 (みず)入 (い)らず (mizu irazu, “just among the immediately relevant people, without anyone else”)
  • 水 (みず)到 (いた)りて渠 (きょ)成 (な)る (mizu itarite kyo naru, “as time flows, everything falls into place”)
  • 水 (みず)が合 (あ)わない (mizu ga awanai)
  • 水 (みず)が漬 (つ)く (mizu ga tsuku)
  • 水 (みず)が入 (はい)る (mizu ga hairu)
  • 水 (みず)が引 (ひ)く (mizu ga hiku)
  • 水 (みず)涸 (か)る (mizukaru)
  • 水 (みず)澄 (す)む (mizusumu)
  • 水 (みず)で割 (わ)る (mizu de waru)
  • 水 (みず)と油 (あぶら) (mizu to abura)
  • 水 (みず)にする (mizu ni suru)
  • 水 (みず)に流 (なが)す (mizu ni nagasu)
  • 水 (みず)になる (mizu ni naru)
  • 水 (みず)に馴 (な)れる (mizu ni nareru)
  • 水温 (みずぬる)む (mizunurumu)
  • 水 (みず)の滴 (したた)るよう (mizu no shitataru yō)
  • 水 (みず)の流 (なが)れと身 (み)の行 (ゆく)方 (え) (mizu no nagare to mi no yukue)
  • 水 (みず)も漏 (も)らさぬ (mizu mo morasanu)
  • 水 (みず)をあける (mizu o akeru)
  • 水 (みず)を打 (う)ったよう (mizu o utta yō)
  • 水 (みず)を得 (え)た魚 (うお)のよう (mizu o eta uo no yō)
  • 水 (みず)を掛 (か)ける (mizu o kakeru)
  • 水 (みず)を差 (さ)す (mizu o sasu, “put a damper (on); throw a wet blanket (on)”, literally “pour water on”)
  • 水 (みず)を向 (む)ける (mizu o mukeru)
  • 油 (あぶら)と水 (みず) (abura to mizu, “oil and water → oil and water don't mix”)
  • 油 (あぶら)に水 (みず) (abura ni mizu, “water in oil”)
  • 魚 (うお)と水 (みず) (uo to mizu)
  • 蛙 (かえる)の面 (つら)へ水 (みず) (kaeru no tsura e mizu)
  • 立 (た)て板 (いた)に水 (みず) (tateita ni mizu)
  • 寝 (ね)耳 (みみ)に水 (みず) (nemimi ni mizu)
  • 焼 (や)け石 (いし)に水 (みず) (yakeishi ni mizu)
Proverbs
Proverbs
  • 水 (みず)清 (きよ)ければ魚 (うお)棲 (す)まず (mizu kiyokereba uo sumazu)
  • 水 (みず)は方 (ほう)円 (えん)の器 (うつわ)に随 (したが)う (mizu wa hōen no utsuwa ni shitagau)
  • 君 (きみ)は舟 (ふね)臣 (しん)は水 (みず) (kimi wa fune shin wa mizu)
  • 君 (くん)子 (し)の交 (まじ)わりは淡 (あわ)きこと水 (みず)の如 (ごと)し (kunshi no majiwari wa awaki koto mizu no gotoshi)

Prefix

水 (hiragana みず, rōmaji mizu-, historical hiragana みづ)

  1. water
Derived terms
Derived terms

Proper noun

水 (hiragana みず, rōmaji Mizu, historical hiragana みづ)

  1. a female given name
  2. a surname

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
水
み
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

⟨mi1⟩ → */mʲi/ → /mi/

From Old Japanese.

Typically found in compounds.[3]

Pronunciation

Affix

水 (hiragana み, rōmaji mi)

  1. Combining form of みず (mizu) above
Derived terms
Derived terms

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
水
すい
Grade: 1
on’yomi

/ɕuwʲi/ → */suʷi/ → /sui/

From Middle Chinese 水 (MC ɕˠiuɪX).

Compare modern Mandarin 水 (shuǐ), modern Min Nan súi.

Pronunciation

Noun

水 (hiragana すい, rōmaji sui)

  1. water: one of the five classical elements in traditional Chinese philosophy and medicine
  2. Short for 水曜, 水曜日 (suiyō, suiyōbi): Wednesday
  3. shaved ice served with flavored syrup
    Synonym: 氷水 (kōrimizu)
Usage notes
  • Most dictionaries proscribe historical -uwi readings such as すゐ (suwi), ずゐ (zuwi), つゐ (tuwi), ゆゐ (yuwi), and るゐ (ruwi) as attested in many historical documents.

Proper noun

水 (hiragana すい, rōmaji Sui)

  1. a female given name

Etymology 4
Kanji in this term
水
もい
Grade: 1
Irregular

⟨mopi1⟩ → */mopʲi/ → /mofi/ → /moi/

From Old Japanese.

From the meaning of “that which goes in the 椀, 盌 (moi, “bowl”)”.[2][3]

Pronunciation
  • (Irregular reading)
    • IPA(key): [mo̞i]

Noun

水 (hiragana もい, rōmaji moi, historical hiragana もひ)

  1. drinking water
Derived terms
  • 水取 (もいとり), 主水 (もいとり) (moitori)

See also

References
  1. Vovin, Alexander (2010), “上代日本語と古代・中世韓国語の「水」と「涙」”, in 日韓言語学者会議 : 韓国語を通じた日韓両国の相互理解と共生‎, page 115
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

Korean

Hanja

水 (eumhun 물 수 (mul su))

  1. (물 수, mul-): water
  2. (as an abbreviation) Wednesday

Compounds
Compounds

Miyako

Kanji

水 (hiragana みず, romaji mizu, mikɯ)

Etymology

Cognate with Japanese 水 (mizu), Old Japanese 水 (midu).

Noun

水 (hiragana みず, romaji mizu, mikɯ)

  1. water

References

Mulam

Noun

水 (nəm4)

  1. water

References

Northern Amami-Oshima

Kanji

水 (hiragana むぃずぃ, romaji mïzï)

Etymology

Cognate with Japanese 水 (mizu), Old Japanese 水 (midu).

Noun

水 (hiragana むぃずぃ, romaji mïzï)

  1. water

Oki-No-Erabu

Kanji

水 (hiragana みじ, romaji miji)

Etymology

Cognate with Japanese 水 (mizu), Old Japanese 水 (midu).

Noun

水 (hiragana みじ, romaji miji)

  1. water

Okinawan

Kanji

水 (hiragana みじ, romaji miji)

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology

From earlier 水 (みづ, midzu/midu), attested in 1711 in the Konkoukenshuu (混効験集). The word underwent a pronunciation change due to the shifting of /u/ to /i/ after alveolar consonants. Cognate with Japanese 水 (mizu), Old Japanese 水 (midu).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /mid͡ʑi/

Noun

水 (hiragana みじ, romaji miji)

  1. water

Derived terms
Compounds
  • 大水 (うーみじ, ūmiji, “flood”)
  • 水牛 (みじうし, mijiushi, “water buffalo”)

Southern Amami-Oshima

Kanji

水 (hiragana むぃでぃ, romaji mïdi)

Etymology

Cognate with Japanese 水 (mizu), Old Japanese 水 (midu).

Noun

水 (hiragana むぃでぃ, romaji mïdi)

  1. water

Vietnamese

Han character

水: Hán Việt readings: thủy/thuỷ (式(thức)軌(quỹ)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5]
水: Nôm readings: thủy/thuỷ[1][2][4][6], nước[2]

  1. Hán tự form of thuỷ (“water”).
  2. (uncommon) Nôm form of nước (“water”).

Compounds
Compounds

References
  1. Nguyễn (2014).
  2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. Trần (2004).
  4. Bonet (1899).
  5. Génibrel (1898).
  6. Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

Yonaguni

Kanji

水 (hiragana みん, romaji min)

Etymology

Cognate with Japanese 水 (mizu), Old Japanese 水 (midu). Possibly also related to Korean 물 (mul, “water”), Middle Korean 밀 (mil, “water”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /miŋ/

Noun

水 (hiragana みん, romaji min, hiragana みーん, romaji mīn)

  1. water

References
  • The Languages of Japan and Korea (2012), section Yonaguni, page 415 (as miɴ)

Yoron

Kanji

水 (hiragana みじ, romaji miji)

Etymology

Cognate with Japanese 水 (mizu), Old Japanese 水 (midu). Possibly also related to Korean 물 (mul, “water”), Middle Korean 밀 (mil, “water”).

Noun

水 (hiragana みじ, romaji miji)

  1. water

References
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