つ
Japanese
Stroke order | |||
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Etymology 1
Derived in the Heian period from writing the man'yōgana kanji 川 in the cursive sōsho style.
Syllable
つ (romaji tsu)
See also
Etymology 2
⟨tu⟩ → /t͡su/
From Old Japanese. According one theory, shortened from 棄つ (<utu> → utsu, “throw away, discard”).
Suffix
つ (rōmaji -tsu)
- (Classical Japanese, jodōshi) indicates the completion of an action
- (Classical Japanese, jodōshi) indicates certainty
- (Classical Japanese, jodōshi) indicates affirmation
- (Classical Japanese, jodōshi, in the form ...tsu ...tsu) shows parallel action
Conjugation
Classical conjugation of "つ" (タ行下二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Usage notes
Etymology 3
⟨tu⟩ → /t͡su/
From Old Japanese.
There were some variants found in the old documents, start with alveolar consonants like の (no), な (na), す (su), し (shi), て (te) etc.[1]
Yamada (1913) proposed that it's cognate with Old Korean 叱 (-s) (whence Middle Korean ㅅ (-s)). [2]
Particle
つ (rōmaji tsu)
- (archaic, obsolete) genitive case marker
- 豊葦原中国
- Toyoashihara no Nakatsukuni
- Toyoashihara no Nakatsukuni
- 天つ風
- ama tsu kaze
- wind blowing from the heavens
- 豊葦原中国
Usage notes
A few terms in modern Japanese have been derived from the case-marker tsu:
Etymology 4
From Old Japanese.
Counter
つ (rōmaji -tsu)
- suffixed to Japanese numerals hito-, futa-, mi-, ... , kokono-, used to count almost anything
- Synonym: 個 (-ko)
Derived terms
Japanese number-counter combinations for つ (tsu) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | How many? |
一つ (hitotsu) | 二つ (futatsu) | 三つ (mittsu) | 四つ (yottsu) | 五つ (itsutsu) | 六つ (muttsu) | 七つ (nanatsu) | 八つ (yattsu) | 九つ (kokonotsu) | 幾つ (ikutsu) |
Etymology 7
Probably from kaomoji such as (´・ω・)つ旦, which represents serving tea.
References
- Choi Kun-Sik (崔建植) (1999), “上代籍帳の人名における連体助詞「つ」について”, in 文学史研究 40
- Yamada, Yoshio (1913) 奈良朝文法史
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