See also: , ح, ج, خ, and Շ

U+3067, で
HIRAGANA LETTER DE
Composition: [U+3066] + [U+3099]

[U+3066]
Hiragana
[U+3068]

Japanese

Stroke order

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [de̞]

Etymology 1

The hiragana character (te) with a dakuten ().

Syllable

(romaji de)

  1. The hiragana syllable (de). Its equivalent in katakana is (de).
See also

Etymology 2

Originally a contraction of にて (nite), later treated as a conjugation of the copula (da).

Alternative forms

  • (informal, playful) de

Particle

(rōmaji de)

  1. at: indicating a location at which something happens
    ここ (やす)みたい。
    Koko de yasumitai.
    I want to rest here (at this location).
  2. with, by, using: indicating the means by or with which something happens
     (ふで)ペン ()
    fudepen de kaku
    to write with a brush pen
     () (てん) (しゃ) ()きましょう。
    Jitensha de ikimashō.
    Let's go by bicycle.
Synonyms

Interjection

(rōmaji de)

  1. and? (requesting a continuation of a narration)

Verb

(rōmaji de)

  1. is/am/are ... and: the て-form or conjunctive form of (da)
    これは (ほん)、とても面白 (おもしろ)いです。
    Kore wa hon de, totemo omoshiroi desu.
    This is a book, and it is very interesting.

See also

Etymology 3

Considered to be a contraction of (nite) (where the ni is the continuative form of the negative auxiliary) or (zute). In use since Early Middle Japanese.[1]

Suffix

(rōmaji -de)

  1. (Classical Japanese) Attaches to the 未然形 (mizenkei, irrealis or incomplete form) of verbs to form the negative conjunctive, equivalent to the modern ないで (-naide) or ずに (-zuni).

Etymology 4

Corrupted from (ze, sentence-ending particle signifying emphasis).

Particle

(rōmaji de)

  1. (dialectal, chiefly Kansai) sentence-ending particle signifying emphasis
    そないな (こと)したらあかん
    Sonai na koto shitara akan de.
    You shouldn't do like that.

References

  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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