更新

Chinese

		to change; more; even more to change; more; even more; further; still; still more	new; newly; meso- (chem.)
simp. and trad. (更新)		更	新

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gēngxīn

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄥㄒㄧㄣ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gang¹ san¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kiên-sîn / kien-sîn
Min Nan (POJ): keng-sin / kng-sin

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: gēngxīn
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄥㄒㄧㄣ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gengshin
  - IPA ^(key): /kɤŋ⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)
  - Jyutping: gang¹ san¹
  - Yale: gāng sān
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gang¹ san¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: geng¹ sen¹
  - IPA ^(key): /kɐŋ⁵⁵ sɐn⁵⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    庚申
    更新
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiên-sîn
  - Hakka Romanization System: gien´ xin´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gian¹ xin¹
  - IPA: /ki̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ ɕin²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kien-sîn
  - Hakka Romanization System: gien xin´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gian⁴ xin¹
  - IPA: /ki̯en⁵⁵ ɕin²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: keng-sin
  - Tâi-lô: king-sin
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kengsyn
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ɕin⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ɕin⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kng-sin
  - Tâi-lô: kng-sin
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kngsyn
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kŋ̍³³ ɕin³³/

Verb

更新

to update; to replace; to renew; to refresh
更新博客 ― gēngxīn bókè ― to update a blog

更新設備 / 更新设备 ― gēngxīn shèbèi ― to replace equipment

更新知識 / 更新知识 ― gēngxīn zhīshi ― to renew one's knowledge

更新網頁 / 更新网页 ― gēngxīn wǎngyè ― to refresh a webpage

Derived terms

城市更新 (chéngshì gēngxīn)

市區更新／市区更新 (shìqū gēngxīn)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (更新):

→ Japanese: 更 (こう)新 (しん) (kōshin)
→ Korean: 갱신 (更新, gaengsin)
→ Vietnamese: canh tân (更新)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
更	新
こう Grade: S	しん Grade: 2
on’yomi

Pronunciation

On’yomi
- (Tokyo) こーしん [kòóshíń] (Heiban – [0])[1]
- IPA^(key): [ko̞ːɕĩɴ]

Noun

更新 (hiragana こうしん, rōmaji kōshin, historical hiragana かうしん)

renewal; update

Verb

更新する (hiragana こうしんする, rōmaji kōshin suru, historical hiragana かうしんする)

to renew; to update

Conjugation

Conjugation of "更新する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	更新し	こうしんし	kōshin shi
Continuative (連用形)	更新し	こうしんし	kōshin shi
Terminal (終止形)	更新する	こうしんする	kōshin suru
Attributive (連体形)	更新する	こうしんする	kōshin suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	更新すれ	こうしんすれ	kōshin sure
Imperative (命令形)	更新せよ¹ 更新しろ²	こうしんせよ¹ こうしんしろ²	kōshin seyo¹ kōshin shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	更新される	こうしんされる	kōshin sareru
Causative	更新させる更新さす	こうしんさせるこうしんさす	kōshin saseru kōshin sasu
Potential	更新できる	こうしんできる	kōshin dekiru
Volitional	更新しよう	こうしんしよう	kōshin shiyō
Negative	更新しない	こうしんしない	kōshin shinai
Negative continuative	更新せず	こうしんせず	kōshin sezu
Formal	更新します	こうしんします	kōshin shimasu
Perfective	更新した	こうしんした	kōshin shita
Conjunctive	更新して	こうしんして	kōshin shite
Hypothetical conditional	更新すれば	こうしんすれば	kōshin sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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