たい
Japanese
Etymology 1
Descended from Old Japanese たし (tasi).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ta̠i]
- In Tokyo speech, the accent of the verb construction depends on the suffixed verb:[1]
- If the suffixed verb is accented, the accent falls on the first mora in the suffix: つくる [tsùkúꜜrù] (Nakadaka) → つくりたい [tsùkúrítáꜜì] (Nakadaka)
- If the suffixed verb is non-accented and the suffix is in the dictionary form (nonpast), the result is either non-accented or accented on the first mora of the suffix: あそぶ [àsóbú] (Heiban) → あそびたい [àsóbítáí] (Heiban) or あそびたい [àsóbítáꜜì] (Nakadaka). Further conjugation is based on the accented version.
Suffix
たい (rōmaji -tai)
- (jodōshi) Used to form the desiderative of verbs: want (to do); hope (to do)
- 読みたいなら貸すよ
- yomitai nara kasu yo
- If you want to read it, I can lend it to you.
- 彼は注目されたい
- kare wa chūmoku saretai
- He wants to gain other people's attention.
- アイスが食べたい
- aisu ga tabetai
- I want to eat ice cream.
- 読みたいなら貸すよ
- (jodōshi) (only with verb ある, である and honorifics) Expressing a wish of the speaker: I hope that; I wish that
- 正直者がばかを見ない世の中でありたい
- shōjikimono ga baka o minai yo no naka dearitai
- I wish in this world the honest people would not suffer losses.
- 別表を参照されたい
- beppyō o sanshō saretai
- Please see the appendix table.
- 正直者がばかを見ない世の中でありたい
Inflection
Inflection of たい
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | たかろ | takaro | |
| Continuative (連用形) | たく | taku | |
| Terminal (終止形) | たい | tai | |
| Attributive (連体形) | たい | tai | |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | たけれ | takere | |
| Imperative (命令形) | たかれ | takare | |
| Key constructions | |||
| Informal negative | たくない | taku nai | |
| Informal past | たかった | takatta | |
| Informal negative past | たくなかった | taku nakatta | |
| Formal | たいです | tai desu | |
| Formal negative | たくないです | taku nai desu | |
| Formal past | たかったです | takatta desu | |
| Formal negative past | たくなかったです | taku nakatta desu | |
| Conjunctive | たくて | takute | |
| Conditional | たければ | takereba | |
| Provisional | たかったら | takattara | |
| Volitional | たかろう | takarō | |
| Adverbial | たく | taku | |
| Degree | たさ | tasa | |
Classical conjugation of "たし" (ク活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | たく[1] たから[2] | taku takara | ||
| Continuative (連用形) | たく[1] たかり[2] | taku takari | ||
| Terminal (終止形) | たし | tasi | ||
| Attributive (連体形) | たき たかる | taki takaru | ||
| Realis (已然形) | たけれ | takere | ||
| Imperative (命令形) | たかれ | takare | ||
| Key constructions | ||||
| Negative | たからず | takarazu | ||
| Contrasting conjunction | たけれど | takeredo | ||
| Causal conjunction | たければ | takereba | ||
| Conditional conjunction | たくば | takuba | ||
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | たかりき | takariki | ||
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | たかりけり | takarikeri | ||
| Adverbial | たく | taku | ||
| [1]Without auxiliary verb. [2]With auxiliary verb. | ||||
Usage notes
- Attaches to the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verbs. The result is conjugated like an adjective (形容詞) but allows for the combination with nominal particles such as を, unlike regular adjectives.
- 死にたくない ― shinitaku nai ― do not want to die
- それを食べたかった。 ― sore o tabetakatta. ― I wanted to eat that.
- Except for sense 2 (see above), たい does not express the meaning "someone wants other people to do something". In that case, 欲しい is usually used instead. Compare:
- 彼女は帰りたい
- kanojo wa kaeritai
- She wants to go home.
- 彼女は帰ってほしい
- kanojo wa kaette hoshii
- I hope she could go home.
- 彼女は帰りたい
- Verb with たい can sometimes mark the grammatical object with が, besides the normal object marker を.
- アイスが食べたい
- aisu ga tabetai
- I want to eat ice cream.
- アイスを食べたい
- aisu o tabetai
- I want to eat ice cream.
- アイスが食べたい
- The kanji spelling 度い is obsolete.
See also
- たがる (tagaru)
Etymology 2
| For pronunciation and definitions of たい – see the following entries. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (This term, たい, is the hiragana spelling of several Sino-Japanese terms.) For a list of all kanji with on'yomi たい, not just those used in Sino-Japanese terms, see Category:Japanese kanji with on reading たい. |
References
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