鯛

See also: 鲷
鯛 U+9BDB, 鯛
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9BDB
← 鯚
[U+9BDA] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 鯜 →
[U+9BDC]

Translingual

Han character

鯛 (radical 195, 魚+8, 19 strokes, cangjie input 弓火月土口 (NFBGR), four-corner 27320, composition ⿰魚周)

  1. sea bream, porgy

References
  • KangXi: page 1472, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46226
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2004, character 27
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 7, page 4697, character 18
  • Unihan data for U+9BDB

Chinese
trad. 鯛
simp. 鲷

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (周) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
裯 *tuːw, *dɯw, *do
啁 *tuːw, *rtɯːw, *tɯw
禂 *tuːwʔ
綢 *tʰuːw, *dɯw
翢 *tʰuːw, *duːw
錭 *duːw
雕 *tɯːw
凋 *tɯːw
琱 *tɯːw
鯛 *tɯːw
鵰 *tɯːw
彫 *tɯːw
奝 *tɯːw
調 *dɯːw, *dɯːws, *tɯw
蜩 *dɯːw
惆 *tʰɯw
婤 *tʰɯw, *tjɯw
稠 *dɯw
椆 *dɯw, *tjɯws
周 *tjɯw
輖 *tjɯw
賙 *tjɯw
郮 *tjɯw
晭 *tjɯwʔ
倜 *tʰɯːwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *tɯːw) : semantic 魚 (“fish”) + phonetic 周 (OC *tjɯw).

Pronunciation
Rime
Character 鯛
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 蕭 (93)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 都聊切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /teu/
Pan
Wuyun		 /teu/
Shao
Rongfen		 /teu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /tɛw/
Li
Rong		 /teu/
Wang
Li		 /tieu/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /tieu/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 diāo
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 鯛
Reading # 1/1
No. 17516
Phonetic
component		 周
Rime
group		 幽
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 貂
Old
Chinese		 /*tɯːw/

Definitions

鯛

  1. sea bream
    蒲燒鯛炒飯 / 蒲烧鲷炒饭  ―  pú shāo diāo chǎofàn  ―  (please add an English translation of this example)

Compounds
  • 丁鯛／丁鲷
  • 的鯛／的鲷
  • 真鯛／真鲷
  • 菱鯛／菱鲷
  • 雀鯛／雀鲷

Japanese

Kanji
鯛

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. sea bream
  2. red snapper

Readings

Etymology
鯛: a sea bream
Kanji in this term
鯛
たい
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

/tapi1/ → /tapi/ → /tafi/ → /tai/

From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation

Noun

鯛 (hiragana たい, katakana タイ, rōmaji tai, historical hiragana たひ, historical katakana タヒ)

  1. sea bream (fish of the family Sparidae); porgy
    • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 16, poem 3829), text here
      醤 (ひしほ)酢 (す)尓 (に)蒜 (ひる)都 (つ)伎 (き)合 (かて)而 (て)鯛 (たひ)願 (ねがふ)吾 (われ)尓 (に)勿 (な)所見 (みえそ)水 (な)䓗 (ぎ)乃 (の)煮物 (あつもの) [Man'yōgana]
      醤 (ひしほ)酢 (す)に蒜 (ひる)搗 (つ)きかてて鯛 (たひ)願 (ねが)ふ我 (わ)れにな見 (み)えそ水 (な)葱 (ぎ)の羹 (あつもの) [Modern spelling]
      hishio-su ni hiru tsukikatete tai-negau ware ni na mi(s)e so nagi no atsumono
      Don't show a fellow who's begging for a nice sea bream all fixed with bean paste, with vinegar and pounded garlic, such a thing as water-leek soup![3]
  2. specifically, the 真 (ま)鯛 (だ) (mada, “red sea bream”)

Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 鯛島 (たいじま) (taijima)
  • 鯛焼 (たいやき), 鯛 (たい)焼 (や)き (taiyaki)
  • 赤 (あこ)魚 (う)鯛 (だい) (akou-dai)
  • 甘 (あま)鯛 (だい) (amadai, “tilefish”)
  • 石 (いし)鯛 (だい) (ishidai)
  • 一 (いっ)等 (とう)鯛 (だい) (ittō-dai)
  • 糸撚 (いとより)鯛 (だい) (itoyori-dai)
  • 疣 (いぼ)鯛 (だい) (ibodai, “Japanese butterfish”)
  • 烏 (え)帽 (ぼ)子 (し)鯛 (だい) (eboshi-dai, “man-of-war fish”)
  • 寒鯛 (かんだい) (kandai)
  • 黄鯛 (きだい) (kidai)
  • 狐 (きつね)鯛 (だい) (kitsunedai)
  • 巾 (きん)着 (ちゃく)鯛 (だい) (kinchaku-dai)
  • 金時 (きんとき)鯛 (だい) (kintoki-dai)
  • 金 (きん)目 (め)鯛 (だい), 金 (きん)眼 (め)鯛 (だい) (kinmedai)
  • 銀 (ぎん)目 (め)鯛 (だい), 銀 (ぎん)眼 (め)鯛 (だい) (ginmedai)
  • 黒 (くろ)鯛 (だい) (kurodai, “black porgy”)
  • 瘤 (こぶ)鯛 (だい) (kobudai)
  • 桜 (さくら)鯛 (だい) (sakuradai)
  • 雀 (すずめ)鯛 (だい) (suzumedai)
  • 千 (せん)年 (ねん)鯛 (だい) (sennen-dai)
  • 鷹 (たか)の羽 (は)鯛 (だい) (taka no hadai)
  • 血鯛 (ちだい) (chidai)
  • 茅 (ち)渟 (ぬ)鯛 (だい) (chinudai)
  • 天竺 (てんじく)鯛 (だい) (tenjiku-dai)
  • 仁 (に)座 (ざ)鯛 (だい) (nizadai)
  • 浜 (はま)鯛 (だい) (hamadai)
  • 姫 (ひめ)鯛 (だい) (himedai)
  • 笛 (ふえ)鯛 (だい) (fuedai)
  • 笛 (ふえ)奴 (やっこ)鯛 (だい) (fue-yakko-dai)
  • 武 (ぶ)鯛 (だい), 不 (ぶ)鯛 (だい) (budai)
  • 平 (へ)鯛 (だい) (hedai)
  • 真 (ま)鯛 (だい) (madai)
  • 的 (まとう)鯛 (だい) (matōdai, “John Dory”)

Idioms

See also

Proper noun

鯛 (hiragana たい, rōmaji Tai, historical hiragana たひ)

  1. a surname​.

References
  1. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. Edwin A. Cranston (1998) The Gem-Glistening Cup, illustrated edition, Stanford University Press, →ISBN, page 281

Korean

Hanja

鯛 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co)

  1. (도미) sea bream

Vietnamese

Han character

鯛 (điêu)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References
  • Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
  • Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
  • Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
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