外人

Chinese
 
outside; in addition; foreign; external
 man; person; people
simp. and trad.
(外人)		 外 人

Pronunciation

Noun

外人

  1. outsider; stranger
  2. non-family member
  3. foreigner

Antonyms

See also

Japanese
Kanji in this term
外 人
がい
Grade: 2		 じん
Grade: 1
on’yomi

Etymology 1

/gwaizin/ > /gaizin/ [gaidʑin]. Literally outside person. From the late 19th on also used for foreigners.

Pronunciation

Noun

外人 (hiragana がいじん, rōmaji gaijin, historical hiragana ぐゎいじん)

  1. outsider; an estranged, unfamiliar person
    • 995-999: Fusōshū (volume 9; Gunsho Ruijū volume 8, page 578)
      口畔懸河渉漢深。春杉拭盞就花陰。外人傾耳猶添愛、況是堂中父母心。
    • c. 13th century: Heike Monogatari (volume 1, page 123)
      しかるに其恩をわすれて、外人もなき所に兵具をとゝのへ、軍兵をかたらひをき、其營みの他は他事なし。
    • c. 1349: Renri Hishō (page 38)
      但、外人など上手おほからむ座にては、聊か斟酌すべし
    • 1597: Ekirin Setsuyōshū (page 133)
      外人 (グワイジン)
    • 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho (page 314)
      Guaijin, グヮイジン(外人) Focano fito. (他の人) 他国の人、すなわち、土着の人ではない者.
    • 1617: Gennabon Kagakushū (page 73)
      外人 (グワイジン) 他人也
  2. foreigner, especially foreigner in Japan
    • 1875: 文明論之概略 (page 18)
      譬えば頑固なる士民は外国人を悪むを以て常とせり。又学者流の人にても少しく見識ある者は外人の挙動を見て決して心酔するに非ず，之を悦ばざるの心は彼の頑民に異なることなしと云うも可なり。
Usage notes

Today 外人 often has a stereotyped connotation, and 外国人 is used as a neutral term.

Synonyms
→
  • 外人記者 (gaijinkisha)
  • 外人選手 (gaijinsenshu)
  • 外人部隊 (gaijinbutai)
  • 外人向き (gaijimmuki)
  • 外人向け (gaijimmuke)
  • 内外人 (naigaijin)

Anagrams

Etymology 2

Adjective 疎い (utoi, “unacquainted”) in attributive form and 人 (hito, “person”).

Noun

外人 (hiragana うときひと, rōmaji utoki hito)

  1. an estranged, unfamiliar person

References
  • Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.
  • Fukuzawa, Yukichi (1995) Bunmeiron no Gairyaku, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
  • Hanawa, Hokiichi (1960) Gunsho Ruijū, volume 8, Tōkyō: Zoku Gunsho Ruijū Kanseikai
  • Kamei, Takashi (1944) Kagakushū: Gennabon, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten
  • Kidō, Saizō; Imoto Nōichi (1961) Iwanami Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei: Renga Ronshū, Haironshū (in Japanese), Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
  • Takagi, Ichinosuke; Masao Ozawa, Kaoru Atsumi, Haruhiko Kindaichi (1959) Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 32: Heike Monogatari 1 (in Japanese), Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
  • Tasaka, Junko (1985) Fusōshū: Kōhon to Sakuin, Fukuoka: Tōka Shobō
  • Fukkoku Nihon Koten Zenshū: Setsuyōshū, Tōkyō: Gendai Shichō Shinsha, 2006, →ISBN

Korean
Hanja in this term
外人

Noun

外人 • (oein) (hangeul 외인)

  1. Hanja form? of 외인 (“foreigner, alien”).
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