方

See also: 万
方 U+65B9, 方
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-65B9
← 斸
[U+65B8] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 斺 →
[U+65BA]

Translingual
Stroke order
Stroke order
Stroke order
(alternative)

Han character

方 (radical 70, 方+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 卜竹尸 (YHS), four-corner 00227, composition ⿱丶万)

  1. Kangxi radical #70, ⽅.

Derived characters

References
  • KangXi: page 481, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13620
  • Dae Jaweon: page 842, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 2172, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+65B9

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 方

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 方
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (方) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
縍 *paːŋ
榜 *paːŋʔ, *praːŋs, *braːŋ
蒡 *paːŋʔ, *braːŋ
牓 *paːŋʔ
螃 *paːŋʔ, *paːŋs, *baːŋ
搒 *paːŋs, *braːŋ
舫 *paːŋs, *paŋs
謗 *paːŋs
雱 *pʰaːŋ
磅 *pʰaːŋ, *pʰraːŋ
霶 *pʰaːŋ
滂 *pʰaːŋ
鎊 *pʰaːŋ
髈 *pʰaːŋʔ, *baːŋ
彷 *baːŋ, *pʰaŋʔ
趽 *baːŋ, *paŋ, *paŋs
房 *baːŋ, *baŋ
篣 *baːŋ, *braːŋ
騯 *baːŋ, *praːŋ, *braːŋ
傍 *baːŋ, *baːŋs
膀 *baːŋ
旁 *baːŋ
徬 *baːŋs
閍 *praːŋ
祊 *praːŋ
嗙 *praːŋ
方 *paŋ, *baŋ
汸 *paŋ
坊 *paŋ, *baŋ
邡 *paŋ, *pʰaŋs
枋 *paŋ
鈁 *paŋ
蚄 *paŋ
肪 *paŋ, *baŋ
鴋 *paŋ, *baŋ
牥 *paŋ
昉 *paŋʔ
瓬 *paŋʔ
放 *paŋʔ, *paŋs
倣 *paŋʔ
芳 *pʰaŋ
淓 *pʰaŋ
妨 *pʰaŋ, *pʰaŋs
紡 *pʰaŋʔ
仿 *pʰaŋʔ
髣 *pʰaŋʔ
鶭 *pʰaŋʔ
訪 *pʰaŋs
防 *baŋ, *baŋs
魴 *baŋ

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 一 + 刀 (“sword”) – blade; tip of a blade. Original form of 芒 (OC *maːŋ, *maŋ, “awn (of cereal); tip (of blade)”); later borrowed to mean “side”. Other theories regarding the origin of this character also exist.

It is unrelated to 㫃 (“fluttering flag”), from which characters like 旗 (OC *ɡɯ, “flag”) and 旅 (OC *ɡ·raʔ, “troops”) are derived.

Etymology 1

Compare:

  1. 旁 (OC *baːŋ), 傍 (OC *baːŋ, *baːŋs) ("side")
  2. 舫 (OC *paːŋs, *paŋs), 艕 ("boat")
  3. 甫 (OC *paʔ) ("to begin")
  4. 放 (OC *paŋʔ, *paŋs), 仿 (OC *pʰaŋʔ) ("to imitate")

Pronunciation 1
Note:
  • hng - vernacular (“prescription; place”);
  • png/puiⁿ - vernacular (surname);
  • hong - literary.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: bang1 / hng1 / bung1 / huang1
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pang / hng / pung / huang
      • IPA (key): /paŋ³³/, /hŋ³³/, /puŋ³³/, /huaŋ³³/
Note:
  • bang1 - vernacular (“square; power; unit of measurement”);
  • hng1 - vernacular (“prescription”);
  • bung1 - vernacular (surname);
  • huang1 - literary.
Rime
Character 方
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 陽 (106)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 府良切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /pʉɐŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /pʷiɐŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /piuɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /puaŋ/
Li
Rong		 /piuaŋ/
Wang
Li		 /pĭwaŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /piwaŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 fāng
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 方 方 方
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 fāng fāng fāng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ pjang › ‹ pjang › ‹ pjang ›
Old
Chinese		 /*C-paŋ/ /*paŋ/ /*paŋ/
English square method just, then

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 方
Reading # 1/2
No. 3023
Phonetic
component		 方
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 方
Old
Chinese		 /*paŋ/
Notes 甲金文象槳即榜初文，
下初爲單筆，猶旂左初亦作單杆
Definitions

方

  1. † parallel; side by side
  2. † parallel boats
  3. † raft made of bamboo
  4. † to match; to be equal to
  5. † to compare; to set side by side
  6. † to differentiate; to discriminate
  7. † to occupy; to take up
  8. (mathematics) square; rectangle; cube
  9. side; aspect; party
    方面  ―  fāngmiàn  ―  aspect; side
  10. place; region; locality
  11. orientation; direction
  12. all sides; all directions
  13. law; rule; reason
  14. method; way
  15. sort; category; kind
  16. moral principle and knowledge; learning
  17. earth; solid earth; ground
  18. (traditional Chinese medicine) prescription
  19. (mathematics) power
    • 2的3次方是8。  ―  2 de 3 cìfāng shì 8.  ―  2 to the third power is 8.
  20. (mathematics) Short for 平方米 (píngfāngmǐ, “Classifier for square metre.”).
  21. (mathematics) Short for 立方米 (lìfāngmǐ, “Classifier for cubic metre.”).
  22. circumference; perimeter
  23. upright; honest; irreproachable
  24. just; just when; at the time when; just now; now
  25. just; only
  26. at (a specific time)
  27. (dictionaries) Short for 方言 (fāngyán, “dialect”).
  28. A surname​.
Compounds
Derived terms from 方

Pronunciation 2
Rime
Character 方
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 陽 (106)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 符方切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /bʉɐŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /bʷiɐŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /biuɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /buaŋ/
Li
Rong		 /biuaŋ/
Wang
Li		 /bĭwaŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /bʱiwaŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 fáng
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 方
Reading # 2/2
No. 3056
Phonetic
component		 方
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 房
Old
Chinese		 /*baŋ/
Definitions

方

  1. Only used in 方輿／方舆 (Fángyù, “an ancient county in modern Shandong”).
  2. to disobey
  3. Alternative form of 房 (fáng).
  4. Alternative form of 防 (fáng).

Etymology 2

Rendering of a dialectalTemplate:which pronunciation of 慌 (huāng).

Pronunciation
Definitions

方

(Mainland China, neologism, slang)
  1. to panic
    我方了！  ―  Wǒ fāng le!  ―  I panic!
  2. panicky
    好方！  ―  Hǎo fāng!  ―  So panicky!

Etymology 3
For pronunciation and definitions of 方 – see 仿 (“to imitate; to resemble; to be similar; etc.”).
(This character, 方, is a variant form of 仿.)

Pronunciation

Definitions

方

  1. Used in 方羊.
  2. Used in 方洋.
  3. Used in 方皇.
  4. Alternative form of 旁 (páng).

Pronunciation

Definitions

方

  1. Only used in 方良.

Etymology 6

Borrowed from English phon

Pronunciation

Definitions

方

  1. phon (unit of apparent loudness)

Japanese

Kanji
方

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. direction
  2. person
  3. alternative

Readings

Compounds
Derived terms

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
方
ほう
Grade: 2
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 方 (pjang).

Pronunciation

Noun

方 (hiragana ほう, rōmaji hō, historical hiragana はう)

  1. direction, way, side
    鬼 (おに)さんこちら、手 (て)の鳴 (な)る方 (ほう)へ
    oni-san kochira, te no naru hō e
    hey, "it", over here, to (the direction of) the clapping of the hands (phrase said in tag)
  2. moreso (preceded by ～の, often followed by ～が)
    この時計 (とけい)の方 (ほう)がそのより高 (たか)いです。
    Kono tokei no hō ga sono yori takai desu.
    This watch is more expensive than that [one].

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
方
かた
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

方 (hiragana かた, rōmaji kata)

  1. (polite) person
    あの方 (かた)。
    Ano kata.
    That person. (polite)
    あの方 (かた)はどなたですか。
    Ano kata wa donata desu ka.
    Who is that gentleman? (formal)
Synonyms

Suffix

方 (hiragana かた, rōmaji -kata)

  1. way, method (of doing)
    書 (か)き方 (かた)
    kakikata
    way of writing something; how to write something
    使 (つか)い方 (かた)
    tsukaikata
    way of using something; how to use something
See also

Etymology 3

pe > ɸe > we > e.

Suffix

方 (hiragana え, rōmaji -e, historical hiragana へ)

  1. a suffix expressing location, direction, or time
Derived terms

Etymology 4
Kanji in this term
方
さま
Grade: 2
Irregular

From Old Japanese. Originally a compound of さ (sa, “that”, pronominal indicating a person, place, thing, or direction in the middle distance) +‎ ま (ma, “likeness, way, similarity”, suffix indicating a quality).[3]

Pronunciation
  • (Irregular reading)

Alternative forms

Noun

方 (hiragana さま, rōmaji sama)

  1. a person's appearance (as of body, or style, or face, etc.)
  2. the state or situation of a thing
  3. the general trend, tenor, or feel of a thing
  4. one's social station, status, or quality
  5. the way or means of doing something, how one does something
  6. the reason or circumstances for something

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
  3. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

Korean

Hanja

方 (eumhun 모 방 (mo bang))

  1. Hanja form? of 방 (“direction”).

Compounds
Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

方: Hán Việt readings: phương (府(phủ)良(lương)切(thiết))[1][2][3]
方: Nôm readings: phương[1][2][3], vuông[1][3][4], phăng[1]

  1. Hán tự form of phương (“way; direction; means; method”).

Compounds

References
  1. Nguyễn (2014).
  2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. Trần (2004).
  4. Hồ (1976).
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