並

See also: 并, 幷, and 竝
並 U+4E26, 並
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E26
← 严
[U+4E25] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 丧 →
[U+4E27]
並 U+FA70, 並
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA70
[unassigned: U+FA6E–U+FA6F]
← 舘
[U+FA6D] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 况 →
[U+FA71]

Translingual

Han character

並 (radical 1, 一+7, 8 strokes, cangjie input 廿廿金 (TTC), four-corner 80102, composition ⿱䒑业 or ⿱丷亚)

Derived characters

References

Chinese
trad. 並
simp. 并*
variant forms 竝
𡘋

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 並
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Ancient script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Bronze inscriptions

b15309

b15310

b15311

b15312

Small seal script

s07575

Transcribed ancient scripts

L35159

L35160

L35161

L35162

L35163

L35164
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (並) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
湴 *breːms
跰 *preŋs, *beːn
並 *beːŋʔ
竝 *beːŋʔ

From the clerical script (隸書) of 竝 (OC *beːŋʔ).

Pronunciation 1
Note:
  • “than; to compete; the most”:
    • pēng (Xiamen, Zhangzhou);
    • pěng (Quanzhou);
    • phēng (Zhangzhou, Taiwan.
  • other senses:
    • pēng.
Note:
  • bong6 - vernacular;
  • bêng6 - literary.
Rime
Character 並
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 青 (125)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 蒲迥切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /beŋX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /beŋX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /bɛŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /bɛjŋX/
Li
Rong		 /beŋX/
Wang
Li		 /bieŋX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /bʱieŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 bìng
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 並
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 bìng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ bengX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[b]ˁeŋʔ/
English side by side, together

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 並
Reading # 1/1
No. 964
Phonetic
component		 並
Rime
group		 耕
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 竝
Old
Chinese		 /*beːŋʔ/
Notes 同竝，隸變爲並

Definitions

並

  1. to be side by side; to be in a row
    並存 / 并存  ―  bìngcún  ―  to coexist
  2. simultaneously; at the same time
  3. Used before a negative for emphasis; actually; in fact
    並非 / 并非  ―  bìngfēi  ―  in fact is not
    我並沒有跟他說。 / 我并没有跟他说。  ―  Wǒ bìng méiyǒu gēn tā shuō.  ―  I have not told them anything.
  4. and; moreover; furthermore
    並且 / 并且  ―  bìngqiě  ―  moreover
  5. (Min Nan) than
    並你較好 / 并你较好 [Taiwanese]  ―  phēng lí khah hó [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  better than you
  6. (Zhangzhou Min Nan) to compete; to match one's strength with
  7. (Taiwanese Hokkien) the most
    這個囡仔並愛哭的。 [Taiwanese, trad.]
    这个囡仔并爱哭的。 [Taiwanese, simp.]
    Chit-ê gín-á phēng ài khàu--ê. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    This kid likes to cry the most.
  8. (～母) (phonology) a Middle Chinese initial and the 'Phags-pa script letter ꡌ (p-)

Compounds
Derived terms from 並

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

並

  1. † Alternative form of 傍 (bàng, “to be near; approaching”).

Japanese

Shinjitai

 並

Kyūjitai

 竝

Kanji
並

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 竝)

Readings

As a variant of 徬/傍:[1]

As a variant of 伴, and as in 同竝:[1]

See also

Noun

並 (hiragana なみ, rōmaji nami)

  1. something medium, average, common, ordinary
  2. a row or line of things

Compounds

Suffix

並 (hiragana なみ, rōmaji -nami)

  1. average, medium

Alternative forms

References
  1. 諸橋轍次 (Morohashi Tetsuji), et al. 広漢和辞典 (Kō Kan-Wa Jiten, “Extensive Chinese–Japanese Dictionary”). 3 vols. plus an index. 1981–1982. Tokyo: Taishukan.

Korean

Hanja

並 • (byeong, bang, ban)

  • Eumhun:
    • Sound (hangeul): 병, 방, 반 (revised: byeong, bang, ban, McCune–Reischauer: pyŏng, pang, pan, Yale: pyeng, pang, pan)
    • Name (hangeul): 아우를 (revised: aureul, McCune–Reischauer: aurǔl)
  1. equal to
  2. side by side
  3. also, what is more
  4. both

References

Vietnamese

Han character

並 (tịnh)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References
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