様

Japanese shinjitai Simplified from 樣 (羕 → 𣴎); compare bottom of 暴.

Right component is approximately 𦍌 + 氺.

様 (radical 75, 木+10, 14 strokes, cangjie input 木廿土水 (DTGE) or X木廿土水 (XDTGE), composition ⿰木𣴎)

• KangXi: not present, would follow page 546, character 25
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15352
• Hanyu Da Zidian: not present, would follow volume 2, page 1284, character 6
• Unihan data for U+69D8

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 樣)

1. certain form or way
2. condition, state
3. design, pattern
4. indicates humbleness or politeness

• Go-on: よう (yō, Jōyō)^{←やう (yau, historical)}
• Kan-on: よう (yō, Jōyō)^{←やう (yau, historical)}
• Kun: さま (sama, 様, Jōyō)

As variant kanji of 橡:

• Go-on: ぞう (zō)^{←ざう (zau, historical)}
• Kan-on: しょう (shō)^{←しやう (syau, historical)}
• Kun: くぬぎ (kunugi, 様); とち (tochi, 様)

When written in 草体 (sōtai, “highly-cursive”) style, this kanji form is called 平様 (hira-zama, literally “common form”) to distinguish from the kyūjitai form 永様 (ei-sama, literally “永-form”), and its variant froms 次様 (tsugi-zama, for 檨, literally “次-form”) and 美様 (bi-zama, for 𣖙, literally “美-form”).

/jɨau/ → /jɔː/ → /joː/

From Middle Chinese 樣 (MC *jɨɐŋ^H).

• On’yomi
  • (Tokyo) よ​ー [yóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
  • IPA^(key): [jo̞ː]

様 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 樣, hiragana よう, rōmaji yō, historical hiragana やう)

1. way, style, appearance

様 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 樣, -na inflection, hiragana よう, rōmaji yō, historical hiragana やう)

1. be like, look like, seem like, as if, having the likeness of

   まるで夢 (ゆめ)を見 (み)ている様 (よう)だ。

   Maru de yume o mite iru yō da.

   It felt as if I were dreaming.

2. (as 様に (yō ni)) I hope; I pray; may

   成 (せい)功 (こう)しますように。

   Seikō shimasu yō ni.

   I wish [myself/you] success.

• In contemporary Japanese, this term is often written in hiragana.
• Traditional Japanese grammar analyzes this term as a 助動詞 (jodōshi, “auxiliary verb”), ようだ (yō da), from the noun 様 (yō) and the auxiliary verb だ.

様 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 樣, hiragana よう, rōmaji Yō, historical hiragana やう)

1. a female given name

From Old Japanese. Originally a compound of さ (sa, “that”, pronominal indicating a person, place, thing, or direction in the middle distance) +‎ ま (ma, “likeness, way, similarity”, suffix indicating a quality).[2]

• Kun’yomi
  • (Tokyo) さま​ [sàmáꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[1]
  • IPA^(key): [sa̠ma̠]

(with rendaku when used as a suffix in some combinations)

• Kun’yomi
  • IPA^(key): [d͡za̠ma̠]

• 方 (limited to the noun sense)

様 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 樣, hiragana さま, rōmaji sama)

1. a person's appearance (as of body, or style, or face, etc.)
2. the state or situation of a thing

   鋭 (えい)敏 (びん)。感覚 (かんかく)が鋭 (するど)いこと。また、そのさま。

   Eibin. Kankaku ga surudoi koto. Mata, sono sama.

   Eibin. For the senses to be sharp. Or, the state of being such.

3. the general trend, tenor, or feel of a thing
4. one's social station, status, or quality
5. the way or means of doing something, how one does something
6. the reason or circumstances for something

様 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 樣, hiragana さま, rōmaji sama)

1. (archaic, honorific) second-person pronoun: you, you all
2. (archaic, honorific) third-person distal pronoun: he, she, they (distant from both speaker and listener)

Used primarily by women of the red-light districts of the Edo period.[2]

The pronoun senses have largely fallen into disuse. These originated as abbreviations of longer forms 君様 (kimisama, literally “lord + that way”), 方様 (katasama, literally “that side + that way”), or 貴様 (kisama, literally “noble + that way”), with the -sama suffix (see below) developing into an independent use.

様 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 樣, hiragana さま, rōmaji -sama, alternative reading ざま, rōmaji -zama)

1. (honorific) polite personal suffix: honorable, Mr., Ms.

   吉田 (よしだ)様 (さま)が来 (こ)られました。

   Yoshida-sama ga koraremashita.

   Mr. [honorable] Yoshida has come here.

2. (honorific) attaching to nouns or other nominals: a politeness marker that often has no direct translation, replacing copula です (​desu)

   ご苦 (く)労 (ろう)様 (さま)。

   Gokurōsama.

   You have done well [honorable].

3. attaching to specific nouns or other nominals: that way, that direction

   逆 (さか)様 (さま)、横 (よこ)様 (さま)

   sakasama, yokosama

   backwards, sideways

4. (archaic) attaching to verbs: just as (indicating the specific time when the verb is happening)
5. attaching to verbs: the way of doing something, how one does something (often undergoes rendaku, changing -sama to -zama)

   座 (すわ)り様 (さま)

   suwarisama

   how one sits

The honorific senses developed out of euphemistic use of the noun sense of sama, “that way”, as an oblique form of reference, starting from around the Muromachi period.[2]

The -sama suffix after personal names is more respectful than the everyday さん (-san), and is generally only used when being very polite. Gender-neutral. This is sometimes glossed as honorable, but honorable is also used as a title, such as for judges or governors or certain ranks of nobility, whereas -sama is purely about politeness and relative social closeness.

Childish version of sama above.[1] Compare the formation of ちゃん (-chan) from さん (-san).

• Kun’yomi
  • (Tokyo) ちゃま​ [chàmáꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
  • IPA^(key): [t͡ɕa̠ma̠]

様 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 樣, hiragana ちゃま, rōmaji -chama)

1. (childish) honorific suffix: Same as さま (​sama) above