姑

姑 U+59D1, 姑
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-59D1
← 姐
[U+59D0] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 姒 →
[U+59D2]

Translingual

Han character

姑 (radical 38, 女+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 女十口 (VJR), four-corner 44460, composition ⿰女古)

Derived characters
  • 㑬, 𠵎, 㣨, 𢯐, 㴌, 𧍏, 𦁿, 𪂯, 𫱬, 𪦭, 菇, 𨐞

References
  • KangXi: page 258, character 32
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6174
  • Dae Jaweon: page 524, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1035, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+59D1

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 姑

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 姑
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (古) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
箇 *kaːls
個 *kaːls
居 *kɯ, *kas
橭 *kaː, *kʰaː
嫴 *kaː
姑 *kaː
辜 *kaː
酤 *kaː, *kaːs, *ɡaːʔ
蛄 *kaː
鴣 *kaː
沽 *kaː, *kaːʔ, *kaːs
盬 *kaː, *kaːʔ
古 *kaːʔ
罟 *kaːʔ
估 *kaːʔ
鈷 *kaːʔ
詁 *kaːʔ
牯 *kaːʔ
故 *kaːs
固 *kaːs
稒 *kaːɡs
痼 *kaːɡs
錮 *kaːɡs
鯝 *kaːɡs
棝 *kaːɡs
凅 *kaːɡs
枯 *kʰaː
軲 *kʰaː
跍 *kʰaː
骷 *kʰaː
苦 *kʰaːʔ, *kʰaːs
葫 *qʰaː, *ɡaː
餬 *ɡaː
瑚 *ɡaː
湖 *ɡaː
鶘 *ɡaː
猢 *ɡaː
醐 *ɡaː
糊 *ɡaː
箶 *ɡaː
蝴 *ɡaː
胡 *ɡaː
瓳 *ɡaː
怙 *ɡaːʔ
祜 *ɡaːʔ
岵 *ɡaːʔ
婟 *ɡaːʔ, *ɡaːɡs
楛 *ɡaːʔ
据 *ka
裾 *ka
琚 *ka
椐 *ka, *kas, *kʰa
鶋 *ka
蜛 *ka
崌 *ka
涺 *ka
腒 *ka, *ɡa
鋸 *kas
倨 *kas
踞 *kas
涸 *ɡaːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kaː) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ) – a type of woman (aunt, mother-in-law).

Pronunciation
Rime
Character 姑
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 模 (23)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古胡切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kuo/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kuo/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ko/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kɔ/
Li
Rong		 /ko/
Wang
Li		 /ku/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kuo/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 gū
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 姑
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 gū
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ ku ›
Old
Chinese		 /*kˁa/
English father"s sister

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 姑
Reading # 1/1
No. 4212
Phonetic
component		 古
Rime
group		 魚
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 孤
Old
Chinese		 /*kaː/

Definitions

姑

  1. father's sister
  2. husband's sister
  3. husband's mother
  4. woman
  5. nun
  6. mole cricket
  7. tentatively
  8. A surname​.

Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 姑姑 (“paternal aunt (father's sister)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 姑母
Mandarin Beijing 姑媽 §, 姑姑, 姑兒, 娘兒
Taiwan 姑姑
Harbin 姑, 姑姑
Shenyang 姑姑
Jinan 姑姑, 姑
Muping 姑
Luoyang 姑
Wanrong 姑
Wanrong (Ronghe) 姑
Xi'an 姑媽 †, 姑 ‡
Xining 娘娘
Xuzhou 姑娘, 姑姑, 姑兒
Yinchuan 姑媽
Lanzhou 娘娘
Ürümqi 姑媽 †, 姑姑 ‡
Wuhan 姑媽 §, 娘娘, 葉葉, 小爹 dated
Chengdu 姑媽 §, 娘娘
Guiyang 姑媽 §, 娘娘 ‡≠
Liuzhou 姑媽 †, 姑 ‡, 阿姑 ‡
Kunming 姑媽 §, 娘 ≠
Yangzhou 娘娘
Nanjing 姑媽 †, 娘娘 ‡
Hefei 姑佬, 佬佬, 佬
Nantong 姑媽 †
Cantonese Guangzhou 姑媽 †, 姑姐 ‡
Hong Kong 姑媽 †, 姑姐 ‡
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 大姑 †, 姑仔 ‡
Foshan 姑媽 †, 姑姐 ‡
Shunde 姑媽 †, 姑姐 ‡
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 姑媽 †, 姑姐 ‡
Doumen (Shangheng Tanka) 阿姑
Doumen 阿姑
Taishan 阿姑, 大姑 †, 姑 ‡, 姑仔 ‡
Kaiping (Chikan) 阿姑
Dongguan 阿姑, 姑媽
Shaoguan 姑媽, 姑姐
Yunfu 阿姑
Yangjiang 大姑 †, 阿姑 ‡
Xinyi 阿姑
Lianjiang 𡜵奶 †, 姑 ‡, 姑仔 ‡, 阿姑 ‡
Gan Nanchang 姑娘, 姑姑, 姑, 大娘, 大姑娘
Lichuan 姑
Pingxiang 姑娘
Hakka Meixian 阿姑
Yudu 姑姑, 姑姊
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 阿姑
Liudui (S. Sixian) 阿姑
Hsinchu (Hailu) 阿姑
Dongshi (Dabu) 阿姑
Hsinchu (Raoping) 阿姑
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 阿姑
Hong Kong 大姑 †, 姑仔 ‡
Huizhou Jixi 姑, 姑姑
Jin Taiyuan 姑姑, 姑媽
Xinzhou 姑姑 ∅, 姑姑啊
Min Bei Jian'ou 姑姑
Min Dong Fuzhou 姑媽 †, 姑 ‡, 依姑 ‡
Fuqing 姑姐 †, 大姐 †, 姑 ‡, 阿姑 ‡
Matsu 依姑
Min Nan Xiamen 阿姑
Quanzhou 阿姑
Zhangzhou 阿姑
Taipei 阿姑
Kaohsiung 阿姑
Tainan 阿姑
Taichung 阿姑
Wuqi 阿姑
Hsinchu 阿姑
Taitung 阿姑
Lukang 阿姑
Yilan 阿姑
Magong 阿姑
Penang 阿姑
Singapore 阿姑
Philippines (Manila) 阿姑
Chaozhou 阿姑
Shantou 阿姑
Haikou 姑母 ∅, 阿姑
Leizhou 姑母, 尼姑 ‡∅, 姑 ‡¶, 父姑 ‡
Pinghua Nanning 姑母 †, 姑 ‡
Wu Shanghai 娘娘, 姑母, 姑媽 ‡
Suzhou 嬤嬤 †, 娘娘 ‡
Hangzhou 乾娘
Wenzhou 阿娘
Chongming 姑娘
Danyang 親嫚
Jinhua 娘娘, 姑 ∅
Ningbo 姑嬤 †, 阿姑 ‡
Xiang Changsha 姑媽 §, 姑子 ≠
Shuangfeng 大基 †, 嫚嫚 ‡
Loudi 大唧 †, 嫚嫚 ‡
Note † - father's elder sister; ‡ - father's younger sister; § - married; ≠ - unmarried; ¶ - face-to-face; ∅ - non-face-to-face

Compounds
Derived terms from 姑

Japanese

Kanji
姑

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings
  • Go-on: く (ku)
  • Kan-on: こ (ko)
  • Kun: しゅうとめ (shūtome, 姑); しゅうと (shūto, 姑); しばらく (shibaraku, 姑く); おば (oba)

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology 1

/sihi1to2me1/: [shipitwome] → [shiɸitwome] → [shiɸitome]. Compound of 舅 (shihito, “in law”) and 女 (me, “woman”). See next entry.

Noun

姑 (hiragana しひとめ, rōmaji shihitome)

  1. a mother-in-law

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
姑
しゅうとめ
Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

From shihitome: [shipitwome] → [shiɸitwome] → [shiɸitome] → [shiɸutome] → [shiwutome] → [shiutome] → [shuːtome].

Pronunciation

Noun

姑 (hiragana しゅうとめ, rōmaji shūtome, historical hiragana しうとめ)

  1. a mother-in-law
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 妹姑 (いもしゅうとめ) (imoshūtome), 姨 (いもしゅうとめ) (imoshūtome)
  • 小姑 (こじゅうとめ) (kojūtome)
  • 姑御 (しゅうとめご) (shūtomego)
  • 姑去 (しゅうとめざ)り (shūtomezari)
  • 蕗 (ふき)の姑 (しゅうとめ) (fuki no shūtome)
  • 嫁 (よめ)が姑 (しゅうとめ)に成 (な)り上 (あ)がる (yome ga shūtome ni nariagaru)

Pronunciation

Noun

姑 (hiragana しゅうと, rōmaji shūto, historical hiragana しうと)

  1. a mother-in-law
Derived terms
Derived terms

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

姑 • (go) (hangeul 고)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

姑 (cô, go, o)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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