U+6545, 故
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6545

[U+6544]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+6546]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

(radical 66, +5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 十口人大 (JROK), four-corner 48640, composition)

References

  • KangXi: page 469, character 25
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13161
  • Dae Jaweon: page 820, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1453, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+6545

Chinese

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*kaːls
*kaːls
*kɯ, *kas
*kaː, *kʰaː
*kaː
*kaː
*kaː
*kaː, *kaːs, *ɡaːʔ
*kaː
*kaː
*kaː, *kaːʔ, *kaːs
*kaː, *kaːʔ
*kaːʔ
*kaːʔ
*kaːʔ
*kaːʔ
*kaːʔ
*kaːʔ
*kaːs
*kaːs
*kaːɡs
*kaːɡs
*kaːɡs
*kaːɡs
*kaːɡs
*kaːɡs
*kʰaː
*kʰaː
*kʰaː
*kʰaː
*kʰaːʔ, *kʰaːs
*qʰaː, *ɡaː
*ɡaː
*ɡaː
*ɡaː
*ɡaː
*ɡaː
*ɡaː
*ɡaː
*ɡaː
*ɡaː
*ɡaː
*ɡaː
*ɡaːʔ
*ɡaːʔ
*ɡaːʔ
*ɡaːʔ, *ɡaːɡs
*ɡaːʔ
*ka
*ka
*ka
*ka, *kas, *kʰa
*ka
*ka
*ka
*ka
*ka, *ɡa
*kas
*kas
*kas
*ɡaːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kaːs) : phonetic  (OC *kaːʔ) + semantic .

Etymology

Derivative of (OC *kaːʔ, “old”). The sense “cause, reason” may be related too (“thing or person of former times”), or the same word as (OC *kaːs, “solid, secure, sure”) (Schuessler 2007, apud Pulleyblank 1989).

Pronunciation


Note: gu7 - “old, original”.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (28)
Final () (23)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kuoH/
Pan
Wuyun
/kuoH/
Shao
Rongfen
/koH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kɔH/
Li
Rong
/koH/
Wang
Li
/kuH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kuoH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ kuH › ‹ kuH ›
Old
Chinese
/*kˁa(ʔ)-s/ /*kˁaʔ-s/
English fact; reason old (not new)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 4228
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kaːs/

Definitions

  1. old; of the past
  2. cause; reason
    /    yuán   reason
  3. accident; misfortune; unexpected event
  4. past things; antiquity
  5. old friend; good friend; close friend
  6. to die; to pass away
          deceased [lit. has passed away]
  7. deceased; dead
  8. formerly; originally
  9. intentionally; deliberately
  10. still; as before
  11. therefore; so
    我思我在   wǒ sī wǒ zài   I think, therefore I am
    北京 / 北京   míng “běijīng”   hence the name "Northern Capital"

Compounds

Descendants

  • Tai: *kawᴮ (old)

Japanese

Kanji

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. late (deceased)

Readings

  • Go-on: (ku)
  • Kan-on: (ko, Jōyō)
  • Kun: ゆえ (yue, , Jōyō); こと (koto); ことさらに (kotosarani, 故に)

Compounds

  •  () () (せい) () (kojiseigo)
  •  () () (はん) (koihan)
  •  (ぶっ) () (bukko)
  •  (びょう) () (byōko)

Korean

Hanja

(go) (hangeul , revised go, McCuneReischauer ko, Yale ko)

  1. late (deceased)

Vietnamese

Han character

(cố, cớ)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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