U+5982, 如
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5982

[U+5981]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5983]

Translingual

Stroke order
Stroke order

Han character

(radical 38, +3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 女口 (VR), four-corner 46400, composition)

Derived characters

References


Chinese

simp. and trad.
variant forms ⿰女⿶凵人 clerical script

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
*rnaː
*rnaː
*rnaː
*rnaː, *na
*rnaː, *naː, *naːs
*rnaː, *na
*rnaːs, *nas, *snas, *nas
*rnaːw
*rnaːw
*n̥ʰaːŋʔ, *naː
*naː
*naː, *naːʔ
*naː
*naː
*naːʔ
*naːʔ
*naːʔ, *naːs
*na
*na
*naʔ, *nas
*naʔ
*hnjas
*nja, *njas
*nja, *njaʔ, *njas
*nja, *njas
*nja
*nja
*njaʔ
*njaʔ

Ideogrammic compound (會意)  and phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *nja, *njas) : phonetic  (OC *naʔ, *nas, woman) + semantic  (mouth) – a woman obeying an order.

Etymology 1

Sino-Tibetan; compare Mru [script needed] (na, to be so), Mizo na nâ nâ (it being so; since) (Schuessler, 2007). Also compare Old Mon [script needed] (ñaṅ, resembling; like) (ibid.).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • ṳ̌ - colloquial;
  • lǔ - literary.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ʐu³⁵/
Harbin /lu²⁴/
/ʐu²⁴/
Tianjin /iu⁴⁵/
/ʐu⁴⁵/
Jinan /lu⁴²/
Qingdao /y⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʐu⁴²/
Xi'an /vu²⁴/
Xining /v̩²⁴/
Yinchuan /ʐu⁵³/
Lanzhou /vu¹³/
Ürümqi /ʐu²¹³/
/vu²¹³/
Wuhan /y²¹³/
Chengdu /zu³¹/
Guiyang /zu²¹/
Kunming /ʐu³¹/
Nanjing /ʐu²⁴/
Hefei /ʐu⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /zu¹¹/
Pingyao /zz̩ʷ¹³/
Hohhot /ʐu³¹/
Wu Shanghai /zz̩²³/
Suzhou /zz̩ʷ¹³/
Hangzhou /zz̩ʷ²¹³/
Wenzhou /zz̩³¹/
Hui Shexian /y⁴⁴/
Tunxi /y⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /y¹³/
Xiangtan /y¹²/
Gan Nanchang /ɵ⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /i¹¹/
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou /jy²¹/
Nanning /y²¹/
Hong Kong /jy²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /lu³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /y⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /y²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /zu⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /zu³¹/
/zi³¹/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial () (38) (38)
Final () (22) (22)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () III III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ȵɨʌ/ /ȵɨʌH/
Pan
Wuyun
/ȵiɔ/ /ȵiɔH/
Shao
Rongfen
/ȵʑiɔ/ /ȵʑiɔH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ȵɨə̆/ /ȵɨə̆H/
Li
Rong
/ȵiɔ/ /ȵiɔH/
Wang
Li
/ȵʑĭo/ /ȵʑĭoH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ȵʑi̯wo/ /ȵʑi̯woH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ nyo ›
Old
Chinese
/*na/
English as, like, if

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 9623 9631
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0 0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*nja/ /*njas/

Definitions

  1. to be like; as; as if; as though
  2. to comply with; to agree with; to fit
  3. such as; for example; for instance
  4. (usually in the negative) to be as good as; to be comparable to
  5. more ... than
  6. if; supposing
    作者水平有限錯漏大家指正 [MSC, trad.]
    作者水平有限错漏大家指正 [MSC, simp.]
    Zuòzhě shuǐpíng yǒuxiàn, yǒu cuòlòu, wàng dàjiā zhǐzhèng. [Pinyin]
    The author's ability has its limits; feedback regarding errors and omissions is welcome.
  7. Suffix placed after adjectives or adverbs to indicate the state of a thing or action.
  8. A surname.
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 如果 (“if”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese , , 使, , , , , 向使, 向令, 假令, 假使, , 誠使, ,
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 如果, 若果, 假如, 假若, 假使, 假設, 倘若, 倘或, 倘然, 倘使, 若是, 若然, 設若, 設使, 設令,
Mandarin Beijing 要是,
Taiwan 要是, , 如果
Jinan 要是
Xi'an 要是
Wuhan 要是
Chengdu 要是
Yangzhou 要是, , 假使
Hefei 要是, 倘此, 倘倘
Cantonese Guangzhou 如果, 若果, 若然, 假使間
Hong Kong 如果, 若果, 若然, 若然之, 假使, 假使間
Taishan 如果
Yangjiang 設若
Gan Nanchang 要是, 若是
Hakka Meixian 係話, 若係, 如果
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 係講, 若係, 假使
Liudui (S. Sixian) 係講, 係準, 係準講, 準講, 準假, 係若, 若係, 假使, 假詐
Hsinchu (Hailu) 係講, 若係, 假使
Dongshi (Dabu) 準講, 可比, 假使, 係講, 若係, 若係講, 準若講
Hsinchu (Raoping) 係講, 若係, 假使
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 若係講, 假使, 若講, 係講, 若係
Jin Taiyuan 要是
Min Bei Jian'ou 來是, 如果
Min Dong Fuzhou 儷是, 若還
Min Nan Xiamen 設使, 若是, , 若欲是, 假若, 假若是, , 欲是
Quanzhou 設使, 若是, , 若欲是, 假若, 假若是, , 欲是
Zhangzhou 設使, 若是, , 假若, 假若是, , 欲是
Taipei 若是, 若準, , 假使, 設使,
Penang 若是, 若準
Philippines (Manila) 若是,
Chaozhou 若是
Shantou 如果
Wu Shanghai 要是, 如果, 假使, 倘然, 倘使, 是得
Suzhou , 如果
Wenzhou 若是,
Xiang Changsha 要是
Shuangfeng 要是, 要此

Etymology 2

May be related to (OC *hljaŋs, *hlaŋs, “to face; to turn towards”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ʐu³⁵/
Harbin /lu²⁴/
/ʐu²⁴/
Tianjin /iu⁴⁵/
/ʐu⁴⁵/
Jinan /lu⁴²/
Qingdao /y⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʐu⁴²/
Xi'an /vu²⁴/
Xining /v̩²⁴/
Yinchuan /ʐu⁵³/
Lanzhou /vu¹³/
Ürümqi /ʐu²¹³/
/vu²¹³/
Wuhan /y²¹³/
Chengdu /zu³¹/
Guiyang /zu²¹/
Kunming /ʐu³¹/
Nanjing /ʐu²⁴/
Hefei /ʐu⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /zu¹¹/
Pingyao /zz̩ʷ¹³/
Hohhot /ʐu³¹/
Wu Shanghai /zz̩²³/
Suzhou /zz̩ʷ¹³/
Hangzhou /zz̩ʷ²¹³/
Wenzhou /zz̩³¹/
Hui Shexian /y⁴⁴/
Tunxi /y⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /y¹³/
Xiangtan /y¹²/
Gan Nanchang /ɵ⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /i¹¹/
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou /jy²¹/
Nanning /y²¹/
Hong Kong /jy²¹/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /lu³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /y⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /y²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /zu⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan) /zu³¹/
/zi³¹/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2
Initial () (38)
Final () (22)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ȵɨʌ/
Pan
Wuyun
/ȵiɔ/
Shao
Rongfen
/ȵʑiɔ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ȵɨə̆/
Li
Rong
/ȵiɔ/
Wang
Li
/ȵʑĭo/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ȵʑi̯wo/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ nyo ›
Old
Chinese
/*na/
English go to

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2
No. 9623
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*nja/

Definitions

  1. to go to
    /       to go to the toilet

Compounds

References


Japanese

Kanji

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. likeness; such as; to seem; as if

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
にょ
Grade: S
goon

From Middle Chinese (MC ȵɨʌ, “as if; as though”).

Pronunciation

Derived terms

Terms derived from  (にょ) (nyo):

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
じょ
Grade: S
kan’on

Pronunciation

Derived terms

Terms derived from  (じょ) (jo):

Korean

Hanja

• (yeo)

  • Eumhun:
    • Sound (hangeul): (revised: yeo, McCuneReischauer: yŏ)
    • Name (hangeul): 같을
  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Việt readings: như ((nhân)(chư)(thiết))[1][2][3]
: Nôm readings: nhơ[1][2][3][4], như[1][2], nhờ[1][2], nha[1], nhừ[3], dừ[3], rừ[3]

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

  1. Nguyễn (2014).
  2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. Trần (2004).
  4. Hồ (1976).
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