抑

抑	U+6291, 抑 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6291

← 抐
[U+6290]

CJK Unified Ideographs

抒 →
[U+6292]

Translingual

Han character

抑 (radical 64, 手+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 手竹女中 (QHVL), four-corner 5702₀, composition ⿰扌卬)

References

KangXi: page 421, character 9

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11883

Dae Jaweon: page 768, character 9

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1841, character 7

Unihan data for U+6291

Chinese

simp. and trad.		抑

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 抑
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yì (yi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jik¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ya
Min Dong (BUC): ék
Min Nan (POJ): iak / ek / iah / ah / ia̍h / a̍h / á
Wu (Wiktionary): iq (T4)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: yì
  - Zhuyin: ㄧˋ
  - Wade–Giles: i⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih
  - IPA ^(key): /i⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: jik¹
  - Yale: yīk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jik⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: yig¹
  - IPA ^(key): /jɪk̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ya
  - Hakka Romanization System: ia
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ya⁴
  - IPA: /i̯a⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ya
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)ia
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ya⁴
  - IPA: /(j)i̯a⁵⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ék
  - IPA ^(key): /ɛiʔ²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iak
  - Tâi-lô: iak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iag
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ek
  - Tâi-lô: ik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: eg
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iah
  - Tâi-lô: iah
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iaq
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iaʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ah
  - Tâi-lô: ah
  - Phofsit Daibuun: aq
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /aʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ia̍h
  - Tâi-lô: ia̍h
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iah
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /iaʔ⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: a̍h
  - Tâi-lô: a̍h
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ah
  - IPA (Xiamen): /aʔ⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /aʔ¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: á
  - Tâi-lô: á
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ar
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /a⁵⁵⁴/

Note:

iak/ek - literary;
iah/ah/ia̍h/a̍h/á - vernacular.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: iq (T4)
  - IPA ^(key): /i̯ɪʔ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: /ʔɨk̚/▼

Rime
Character	抑
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	職 (134)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	於力切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɨk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔɨk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiek̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔik̚/
Li Rong	/ʔiək̚/
Wang Li	/ĭək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔi̯ək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yi

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ʔ](r)ik/, /*[ʔ]ik/

(Zhengzhang): /*qɯɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	抑	抑
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yì	yì
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔik ›	‹ ʔik ›
Old Chinese	/*[ʔ](r)ik/	/*[ʔ]ik/
English	and, but, or	rub, repress
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	抑
Reading #	1/1
No.	15013
Phonetic component	抑
Rime group	職
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	憶
Old Chinese	/*qɯɡ/
Notes	説文從反印

Definitions

抑

to press down; to keep down
to repress; to suppress; to restrain; to restrict
to hinder; to hamper; to obstruct
to lower (one's head); to look down
deep; low-pitched
sulky; depressed
(Min Dong) muggy; sultry; humid
or (linking alternatives)
furthermore; moreover; also
however; but
then; and
Meaningless sentence-initial particle.
A surname.

Compounds

冤抑
勒抑 (lèyì)
務本抑末／务本抑末
壓抑／压抑 (yāyì)
崇本抑末
平抑
怒不可抑
怨抑
悲不可抑
愊抑
扶弱抑強／扶弱抑强
抑且
抑制 (yìzhì)
抑制栽培

抑割
抑勒
抑塞
抑塞磊落
抑威餌敵／抑威饵敌
抑強扶弱／抑强扶弱
抑惡揚善／抑恶扬善
抑或 (yìhuò)
抑抑
抑揚／抑扬 (yìyáng)
抑揚頓挫／抑扬顿挫 (yìyángdùncuò)
抑損／抑损
抑搔
抑是 (yìshì)

抑止 (yìzhǐ)
抑遏
抑鬱／抑郁 (yìyù)
抑鬱寡歡／抑郁寡欢
掩抑
揚清抑濁／扬清抑浊
擠抑／挤抑
沉抑
諂上抑下／谄上抑下
謙抑／谦抑
貶抑／贬抑 (biǎnyì)
遏抑
頓挫抑揚／顿挫抑扬

Japanese

Kanji

抑

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

On (unclassified): よく (yoku, Jōyō)
Kun: おさえる (osaeru, 抑える, Jōyō); そもそも (somosomo, 抑)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
抑
そもそも Grade: S
kun’yomi

See the etymology of the main entry.

Conjunction

抑 (hiragana そもそも, rōmaji somosomo)

Alternative spelling of そもそも (“in the first place, to begin with, at all (in a question)”)

Korean

Hanja

抑 • (eok) (hangeul 억, revised eok, McCune–Reischauer ŏk, Yale ek)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

抑 (ức, ực)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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