ja
English
Alternative forms
Derived terms
Etymology 2
From the Revised Romanization of Korean 자 (ja)
Alternative forms
Noun
ja (plural jas or ja)
- (Korean units of measure) Synonym of Korean foot: a traditional unit of length equivalent to about 30.3 cm.
Alemannic German
Etymology
From Old High German ja, jā, from Proto-Germanic *ja. Cognate with German ja, Dutch ja, English yea, Swedish ja.
References
- “ja” in Abegg, Emil, (1911) Die Mundart von Urseren (Beiträge zur Schweizerdeutschen Grammatik. IV.) [The Dialect of Urseren], Frauenfeld, Switzerland: Huber & co., page 13.
Assan
Synonyms
Catalan
Cimbrian
Etymology
From Middle High German ja, from Old High German ja, jā, from Proto-Germanic *ja. Cognate with German ja, Dutch ja, English yea, Icelandic já.
References
- “ja” in Martalar, Umberto Martello; Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo
Danish
Antonyms
Related terms
Dutch
Etymology
From Middle Dutch ja, from Old Dutch *jā, from Proto-Germanic *ja.
Pronunciation
audio (file) - IPA(key): /jaː/
Adverb
ja
- yes
- Wil je met ons meegaan? — Ja, graag!
- Would you like to come with us? — Yes, I'd love to!
- Wil je met ons meegaan? — Ja, graag!
Synonyms
Derived terms
Noun
ja m or n (plural ja's, diminutive jaatje n)
- yes
- Een ja kan je krijgen, een nee heb je al.
- A yes you can get, a no you already have.
- Het begon met een ja...
- It began with a yes...
- Een ja kan je krijgen, een nee heb je al.
Synonyms
Antonyms
Interjection
ja
- yes!
- "Ja!" riep hij luid toen er een doelpunt viel.
- Yes! he screamed loudly when they scored a goal.
- "Ja!" riep hij luid toen er een doelpunt viel.
Esperanto
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Estonian
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *jahw (“and”); compare Gothic 𐌾𐌰𐌷 (jah), Old High German ja, joh.
Faroese
Etymology
From Old Norse já, from Proto-Germanic *ja.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /jɛaː/
Declension
Declension of ja | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
n3 | singular | plural | ||
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | ja | jaið | ja | jaini |
accusative | ja | jaið | ja | jaini |
dative | jai | jainum | jaum | jaunum |
genitive | jas | jasins | jaa | jaanna |
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *jahw (“and”); compare Gothic 𐌾𐌰𐌷 (jah), Old High German ja, joh.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈjɑ/, [ˈjɑ]
Audio (file) - Hyphenation: ja
Synonyms
- sekä (used when listing things — not when joining clauses)
Declension
Rarely inflected; if inflection is necessary, it is used as a first component in a compound, such as JA-portti ("AND gate").
Inflection of ja (Kotus type 21/rosé, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | ja | jat | |
genitive | jan | jaiden jaitten | |
partitive | jata | jaita | |
illative | jahan | jaihin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | ja | jat | |
accusative | nom. | ja | jat |
gen. | jan | ||
genitive | jan | jaiden jaitten | |
partitive | jata | jaita | |
inessive | jassa | jaissa | |
elative | jasta | jaista | |
illative | jahan | jaihin | |
adessive | jalla | jailla | |
ablative | jalta | jailta | |
allative | jalle | jaille | |
essive | jana | jaina | |
translative | jaksi | jaiksi | |
instructive | — | jain | |
abessive | jatta | jaitta | |
comitative | — | jaineen |
German
Etymology
From Middle High German ja, from Old High German ja, jā (“yes”), from Proto-Germanic *ja (“yes”), from Proto-Indo-European *yē (“already”). Cognate with Dutch ja (“yes”), English yea (“yes, yea”), Latin iam (“already”). More at yes.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /jaː/
audio (file) Audio (file) - Rhymes: -aː
- Homophone: Jahr (according to a widespread pronunciation of this word)
Adverb
ja
- yes
- Willst du das? Ja. ― Do you want that? Yes.
- Aber ja! ― Yes, of course!
- (intensifier) obviously; certainly; of course; really; just; as you know; as is generally known (indicates and emphasises that one is expressing a known fact)
- Es kann ja nicht immer so bleiben. ― It obviously cannot always remain so.
- Der Peter war ja gestern krank. ― Peter was sick yesterday, as you know.
Usage notes
- (yes): Ja is used to indicate agreement with a positive statement. To contradict a negative statement (where English would use “yes”), doch is used instead.
- (obviously): Ja means roughly the same as English obviously or as you know, but given its shortness it is used much more frequently. In colloquial German, ja is used in most statements of facts already known to the one addressed.
Synonyms
- (yes): jawohl
- (obviously): doch, bekanntlich
Antonyms
Synonyms
- (yes): jawohl
Antonyms
- (yes): nein
Gothic
Gutnish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /jaː/, [jɑː]
Alternative forms
- jag (Fårö and Lau dialects)
Usage notes
Uncertain or stalling answer; jo is used for yes-no questions
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈjɒ], [ˈjaː] (the long pronunciation is used in case of great surprise)
Audio (file)
Interjection
ja
- (informal) yep (indicates agreement, approval, or understanding)
- Jössz holnap a meccsre? - Ja.
- Are you coming to the game tomorrow? - Yep.
- oh (indicates understanding something finally after a misunderstanding or confusion)
- Este nem jár a vonat. - Ja, hát akkor menjünk busszal!
- No train is leaving in the evening. - Oh, well then let's travel by bus!
- Ezt nem is Miki küldte! - Ja, lehet, hogy én értettem félre.
- This was not sent by Miki! - Oh, then I must have misunderstood it.
Ido
Etymology
Borrowed from Italian già, French déjà and Spanish ya, from Latin iam, replacing Esperanto jam which is cognate.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʒa/
Ingrian
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *jahw (“and”); compare Gothic 𐌾𐌰𐌷 (jah), Old High German ja, joh. Akin to Finnish ja.
Japanese
Lithuanian
Lower Sorbian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *(j)a, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.
Declension
Lule Sami
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *jahw (“and”).
North Frisian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ja/
Northern Sami
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *jahw (“and”).
Pronunciation
- (Kautokeino) IPA(key): /ˈja/
Norwegian Nynorsk
Antonyms
Related terms
Old French
References
- Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (ja)
Pennsylvania German
Alternative forms
Pite Sami
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *jahw (“and”).
Polish
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *(j)azъ, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ja/
Audio (file)
Declension
Notes
Mute forms ("mię", "mi") cannot be used in accented positions in the sentence. "Mię" is considered dated in Standard Polish, but can still be heard in some dialects.
See also
- siebie ("myself")
- Appendix:Polish pronouns
Portuguese
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology 1
From Proto-Slavic *(j)a, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /jâː/
Declension
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /jâ/
Interjection
ja
- (archaic) Alternative form of jao.
- 1891, Srpske narodne pjesme:
-
- Ja Ivane, mio pobratime!
- O woe, Ivan, dear blood-brother!
Slovak
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *(j)a, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈja/
Declension
References
- ja in Slovak dictionaries at korpus.sk
Slovene
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈjàː/, /ˈjáː/
- Tonal orthography: já, jȃ
Synonyms
Antonyms
Etymology 2
From Proto-Slavic *(j)azъ, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /xa/
Swahili
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-jìja. Compare Zulu -za.
Verb
-ja (infinitive kuja)
Conjugation
Conjugation of -ja | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Infinitive | kuja | kutokuja | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Simple finite forms | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Positive form | Singular | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Imperative | njoo | njooni njoni | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Habitual | huja | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Complex finite forms | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1st | 2nd | 3rd / M-wa | M-mi | Ma | Ki-vi | N | U | Ku | Pa | Mu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sg. | Pl. | Sg. | Pl. | Sg. / 1 | Pl. / 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 / 14 | 15 / 17 | 16 | 18 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Not all possible forms are listed in the table. Transitive verbs can take object concords, relative concords can agree with all noun classes, and many other forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information. |
Swedish
Etymology
From Old Norse já, from Proto-Germanic *ja.
Pronunciation 1
- IPA(key): /jɑː/, (Scania) /jaː/, /ja/
audio (file)
Synonyms
Antonyms
Pronunciation 2
- IPA(key): /jɑː/, (Scania) /jaː/
Declension
Declension of ja | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Uncountable | ||||
Indefinite | Definite | |||
Nominative | ja | jaet | — | — |
Genitive | jas | jaets | — | — |
Pronunciation 2
- IPA(key): /jɑː/
Etymology 2
See jag.
West Frisian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ja/, /jaː/
Derived terms
Zialo
References
- Kirill Vladimirovich Babaev, Zialo: the newly-discovered Mande language of Guinea (2010), page 213