Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ja

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *yē (“already”). Cognate with Latin iam (“already”).

Alternative forms

*jai

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /jɑ/

Particle

*ja

yes (confirmation particle)
thus, so
and (conjunctive particle)

Derived terms

*jai
*jabai
*jahw, *jah

Descendants

Old English: iā, ġēa; ġe
- Middle English: ȝea, ye, ya
  - Scots: ya, yea, ay, aye, yo
  - English: ya, yea, yo
Old Frisian: jē, gē; jā, jē, jō
- Saterland Frisian: ja, jee
- West Frisian: ja
Old Saxon: jā, giā; ge, gi, gie, gia
- Middle Low German: ja, jā
  - German Low German: ja
Old Dutch: jā; *joh
- Middle Dutch: ja
  - Dutch: ja
    - Afrikaans: ja
Old High German: jā; joh, ioh
- Middle High German: ja, jā; joch
  - Alemannic German: ja, jaa, jä
  - Bavarian:
    Cimbrian: ja
    
    Viennese: jå
  - German: ja (standard); jo, joa (informal); joch (dialectal)
  - Luxembourgish: jo
  - Yiddish: יאָ‎ (yo)
Old Norse: já
- Icelandic: já
- Faroese: ja
- Norwegian: ja, jo
- Old Swedish: ia, iā
  - Swedish: ja, jo
- Danish: ja, jo
- Westrobothnian: ja, jå, jo, hjo, jåo, jao
Gothic: 𐌾𐌰 (ja), 𐌾𐌰𐌹 (jai)

This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.