ⲓⲛⲓ
Coptic
Conjugation
| infinitive | ⲉⲓⲛⲓ eini |
negative infinitive | ⲉϣⲧⲉⲙⲓⲛⲓ eštemini | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| imperative | ⲓⲛⲓ ini |
negative imperative | ⲙⲡⲉⲣⲓⲛⲓ mperini | |||||||
| singular | plural | Nominative | ||||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||||
| masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | |||||||
| Durative sentences | ||||||||||
| ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛⲑⲟ | ⲛⲑⲟϥ | ⲛⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - | ||
| present | simple present | ϯⲓⲛⲓ tiini |
ⲭⲓⲛⲓ khini |
ⲧⲉⲓⲛⲓ teini |
ϥⲓⲛⲓ fini |
ⲥⲓⲛⲓ sini |
ⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ tenini |
ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ tetenini |
ⲥⲉⲓⲛⲓ seini |
ⲓⲛⲓ ini |
| circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲓⲛⲓ eiini |
ⲉⲭⲓⲛⲓ ekhini |
ⲉⲣⲉⲓⲛⲓ ereini |
ⲉϥⲓⲛⲓ efini |
ⲉⲥⲓⲛⲓ esini |
ⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ enini |
ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ eretenini |
ⲉⲩⲓⲛⲓ euini |
ⲉⲣⲉ - ⲓⲛⲓ ere - ini | |
| focalising | ⲁⲓⲓⲛⲓ aiini |
ⲁⲭⲓⲛⲓ akhini |
ⲁⲣⲉⲓⲛⲓ areini |
ⲁϥⲓⲛⲓ afini |
ⲁⲥⲓⲛⲓ asini |
ⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ anini |
ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ aretenini |
ⲁⲩⲓⲛⲓ auini |
ⲁⲣⲉ - ⲓⲛⲓ are - ini | |
| preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲓⲛⲓ naiini |
ⲛⲁⲭⲓⲛⲓ nakhini |
ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲓⲛⲓ nareini |
ⲛⲁϥⲓⲛⲓ nafini |
ⲛⲁⲥⲓⲛⲓ nasini |
ⲛⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ nanini |
ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ naretenini |
ⲛⲁⲩⲓⲛⲓ nauini |
ⲛⲁⲣⲉ - ⲓⲛⲓ nare - ini | |
| relative | ⲉϯⲓⲛⲓ etiini |
ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲓⲛⲓ etekhini |
ⲉⲧⲉⲓⲛⲓ eteini |
ⲉⲧⲉϥⲓⲛⲓ etefini |
ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲓⲛⲓ etesini |
ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ etenini |
ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ etetenini |
ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲓⲛⲓ etouini |
ⲉⲧⲉ - ⲓⲛⲓ ete - ini | |
| future | simple future | ϯⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ tinaini |
ⲭⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ khnaini |
ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ tenaini |
ϥⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ fnaini |
ⲥⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ snaini |
ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ tennaini |
ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ tetenaini |
ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ senaini |
ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ naini |
| circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ einaini |
ⲉⲭⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ ekhnaini |
ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ erenaini |
ⲉϥⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ efnaini |
ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ esnaini |
ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ ennaini |
ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ eretennaini |
ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ eunaini |
ⲉⲣⲉ - ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ ere - naini | |
| focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ ainaini |
ⲁⲭⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ akhnaini |
ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ arenaini |
ⲁϥⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ afnaini |
ⲁⲥⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ asnaini |
ⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ annaini |
ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ aretennaini |
ⲁⲩⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ aunaini |
ⲁⲣⲉ - ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ are - naini | |
| preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ nainaini |
ⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ nakhnaini |
ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ narenaini |
ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ nafnaini |
ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ nasnaini |
ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ nannaini |
ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ naretennaini |
ⲛaⲩⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ naunaini |
ⲛaⲣⲉ - ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ nare - naini | |
| unreal conditional | ⲉⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ enainaini |
ⲉⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ enakhnaini |
ⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ enarenaini |
ⲉⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ enafnaini |
ⲉⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ enasnaini |
ⲉⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ enannaini |
ⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ enaretennaini |
ⲉⲛaⲩⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ enaunaini |
ⲉⲛaⲣⲉ - ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ enare - naini | |
| relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ etinaini |
ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ etekhnaini |
ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ etenaini |
ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ etefnaini |
ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ etesnaini |
ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ etennaini |
ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ etetennaini |
ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ etounaini |
ⲉⲧⲉ - ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ ete - naini | |
| Non-durative sentences | ||||||||||
| ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛⲑⲟ | ⲛⲑⲟϥ | ⲛⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - | ||
| past | affirmative | ⲁⲓⲓⲛⲓ aiini |
ⲁⲭⲓⲛⲓ akhini |
ⲁⲣⲉⲓⲛⲓ areini |
ⲁϥⲓⲛⲓ afini |
ⲁⲥⲓⲛⲓ asini |
ⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ anini |
ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ aretenini |
ⲁⲩⲓⲛⲓ auini |
ⲁ - ⲓⲛⲓ a - ini |
| negative | ⲙⲡⲓⲓⲛⲓ mpiini |
ⲙⲡⲉⲭⲓⲛⲓ mpekhini |
ⲙⲡⲉⲓⲛⲓ mpeini |
ⲙⲡⲉϥⲓⲛⲓ mpefini |
ⲙⲡⲉⲥⲓⲛⲓ mpesini |
ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ mpenini |
ⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ mpetenini |
ⲙⲡⲟⲩⲓⲛⲓ mpouini |
ⲙⲡⲉ - ⲓⲛⲓ mpe - ini | |
| affirmative preterite | ⲛⲉⲁⲓⲓⲛⲓ neaiini |
ⲛⲉⲁⲭⲓⲛⲓ neakhini |
ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲓⲛⲓ neareini |
ⲛⲉⲁϥⲓⲛⲓ neafini |
ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲓⲛⲓ neasini |
ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ neanini |
ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ nearetenini |
ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲓⲛⲓ neauini |
ⲛⲉⲁ - ⲓⲛⲓ nea - ini | |
| negative preterite | ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲓⲓⲛⲓ nempiini |
ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲭⲓⲛⲓ nempekhini |
ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲓⲛⲓ nempeini |
ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉϥⲓⲛⲓ nempefini |
ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲓⲛⲓ nempesini |
ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ nempenini |
ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ nempetenini |
ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩⲓⲛⲓ nempouini |
ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉ - ⲓⲛⲓ nempe - ini | |
| circumstantial | ⲉⲁⲓⲓⲛⲓ eaiini |
ⲉⲁⲭⲓⲛⲓ eakhini |
ⲉⲁⲓⲛⲓ eaini |
ⲉⲁϥⲓⲛⲓ eafini |
ⲉⲁⲥⲓⲛⲓ easini |
ⲉⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ eanini |
ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ eatetenini |
ⲉⲁⲩⲓⲛⲓ eauini |
ⲉⲁ - ⲓⲛⲓ ea - ini | |
| focalising, relative, precursive | ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲓⲛⲓ etaiini |
ⲉⲧⲁⲭⲓⲛⲓ etakhini |
ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲓⲛⲓ etareini |
ⲉⲧⲁϥⲓⲛⲓ etafini |
ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲓⲛⲓ etasini |
ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ etanini |
ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ etaretenini |
ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲓⲛⲓ etauini |
ⲉⲧⲁ - ⲓⲛⲓ eta - ini | |
| aorist | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓⲓⲛⲓ šaiini |
ϣⲁⲭⲓⲛⲓ šakhini |
ϣⲁⲣⲉⲓⲛⲓ šareini |
ϣⲁϥⲓⲛⲓ šafini |
ϣⲁⲥⲓⲛⲓ šasini |
ϣⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ šanini |
ϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ šaretenini |
ϣⲁⲩⲓⲛⲓ šauini |
ϣⲁⲣⲉ - ⲓⲛⲓ šare - ini |
| negative | ⲙⲡⲁⲓⲓⲛⲓ mpaiini |
ⲙⲡⲁⲭⲓⲛⲓ mpakhini |
ⲙⲡⲁⲣⲉⲓⲛⲓ mpareini |
ⲙⲡⲁϥⲓⲛⲓ mpafini |
ⲙⲡⲁⲥⲓⲛⲓ mpasini |
ⲙⲡⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ mpanini |
ⲙⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ mparetenini |
ⲙⲡⲁⲩⲓⲛⲓ mpauini |
ⲙⲡⲁⲣⲉ - ⲓⲛⲓ mpare - ini | |
| optative | affirmative | ⲉⲓⲉⲓⲛⲓ eieini |
ⲉⲕⲉⲓⲛⲓ ekeini |
ⲉⲣⲉⲓⲛⲓ ereini |
ⲉϥⲉⲓⲛⲓ efeini |
ⲉⲥⲉⲓⲛⲓ eseini |
ⲉⲛⲉⲓⲛⲓ eneini |
ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲓⲛⲓ ereteneini |
ⲉⲩⲉⲓⲛⲓ eueini |
ⲉⲣⲉ - ⲓⲛⲓ ere - ini |
| negative | ⲛⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ nnaini |
ⲛⲛⲉⲭⲓⲛⲓ nnekhini |
ⲛⲛⲉⲓⲛⲓ nneini |
ⲛⲛⲉϥⲓⲛⲓ nnefini |
ⲛⲛⲉⲥⲓⲛⲓ nnesini |
ⲛⲛⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ nnenini |
ⲛⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ nnetenini |
ⲛⲛⲟⲩⲓⲛⲓ nnouini |
ⲛⲛⲉ - ⲓⲛⲓ nne - ini | |
| jussive, causative | affirmative jussive | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲓⲛⲓ mariini |
ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲭⲓⲛⲓ marekhini |
ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲓⲛⲓ mareini |
ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲓⲛⲓ marefini |
ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲓⲛⲓ maresini |
ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ marenini |
ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ maretenini |
ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲓⲛⲓ marouini |
ⲙⲁⲣⲉ - ⲓⲛⲓ mare - ini |
| affirmative causative | ⲑⲣⲓⲓⲛⲓ thriini |
ⲑⲣⲉⲭⲓⲛⲓ threkhini |
ⲑⲣⲉⲓⲛⲓ threini |
ⲑⲣⲉϥⲓⲛⲓ threfini |
ⲑⲣⲉⲥⲓⲛⲓ thresini |
ⲑⲣⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ threnini |
ⲑⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ thretenini |
ⲑⲣⲟⲩⲓⲛⲓ throuini |
ⲑⲣⲉ - ⲓⲛⲓ thre - ini | |
| negative jussive, negative causative |
ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲓⲓⲛⲓ mpenthriini |
ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲭⲓⲛⲓ mpenthrekhini |
ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲓⲛⲓ mpenthreini |
ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϥⲓⲛⲓ mpenthrefini |
ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲥⲓⲛⲓ mpenthresini |
ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ mpenthrenini |
ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ mpenthretenini |
ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲟⲩⲓⲛⲓ mpenthrouini |
ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉ - ⲓⲛⲓ mpenthre - ini | |
| Subordinate clause | ||||||||||
| ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛⲑⲟ | ⲛⲑⲟϥ | ⲛⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - | ||
| real conditional | affirmative | ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ aišanini |
ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ akšanini |
ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ arešanini |
ⲁϥϣⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ afšanini |
ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ asšanini |
ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ anšanini |
ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ aretenšanini |
ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ aušanini |
ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ - ⲓⲛⲓ arešan - ini |
| negative | ⲁⲓϣⲧⲉⲙⲓⲛⲓ aištemini |
ⲁⲕϣⲧⲉⲙⲓⲛⲓ akštemini |
ⲁⲣⲉϣⲧⲉⲙⲓⲛⲓ areštemini |
ⲁϥϣⲧⲉⲙⲓⲛⲓ afštemini |
ⲁⲥϣⲧⲉⲙⲓⲛⲓ asštemini |
ⲁⲛϣⲧⲉⲙⲓⲛⲓ anštemini |
ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲧⲉⲙⲓⲛⲓ aretenštemini |
ⲁⲩϣⲧⲉⲙⲓⲛⲓ auštemini |
ⲁⲣⲉϣⲧⲉⲙ - ⲓⲛⲓ areštem - ini | |
| conjunctive | affirmative | ⲛⲧⲁⲓⲛⲓ ntaini |
ⲛⲧⲉⲭⲓⲛⲓ ntekhini |
ⲛⲧⲉⲓⲛⲓ nteini |
ⲛⲧⲉϥⲓⲛⲓ ntefini |
ⲛⲧⲉⲥⲓⲛⲓ ntesini |
ⲛⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ ntenini |
ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ ntetenini |
ⲛⲥⲉⲓⲛⲓ, ⲛⲧⲟⲩⲓⲛⲓ nseini, ntouini |
ⲛⲧⲉ - ⲓⲛⲓ nte - ini |
| negative | ⲛⲧⲁϣⲧⲉⲙⲓⲛⲓ ntaštemini |
ⲛⲧⲉⲕϣⲧⲉⲙⲓⲛⲓ ntekštemini |
ⲛⲧⲉϣⲧⲉⲙⲓⲛⲓ nteštemini |
ⲛⲧⲉϥϣⲧⲉⲙⲓⲛⲓ ntefštemini |
ⲛⲧⲉⲥϣⲧⲉⲙⲓⲛⲓ ntesštemini |
ⲛⲧⲉⲛϣⲧⲉⲙⲓⲛⲓ ntenštemini |
ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲧⲉⲙⲓⲛⲓ ntetenštemini |
ⲛⲧⲟⲩϣⲧⲉⲙⲓⲛⲓ ntouštemini |
ⲛⲧⲉϣⲧⲉⲙ - ⲓⲛⲓ nteštem - ini | |
| limitive, expectative | limitative | ϣⲁϯⲓⲛⲓ šatiini |
ϣⲁⲧⲉⲕⲓⲛⲓ šatekini |
ϣⲁⲧⲉⲓⲛⲓ šateini |
ϣⲁⲧⲉϥⲓⲛⲓ šatefini |
ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥⲓⲛⲓ šatesini |
ϣⲁⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ šatenini |
ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ šatetenini |
ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩⲓⲛⲓ šatouini |
ϣⲁⲧⲉ - ⲓⲛⲓ šate - ini |
| expectative | ⲙⲡⲁϯⲓⲛⲓ mpatiini |
ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲓⲛⲓ mpatekini |
ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲓⲛⲓ mpateini |
ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲓⲛⲓ mpatefini |
ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲓⲛⲓ mpatesini |
ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ mpatenini |
ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ mpatetenini |
ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲓⲛⲓ mpatouini |
ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ - ⲓⲛⲓ mpate - ini | |
References
- Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 47
- Crum, Walter E. (1939) A Coptic Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, page 78
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