いらっしゃる
Japanese
Etymology
Originally a contraction of いらせらる (iraseraru), itself an honorific conjugation of 入ら (ira, the 未然形 (mizenkei, “imperfective”) of verb iru, “to come in, to go in; to arrive; to be in a place”) + せ (se, the 未然形 (mizenkei, “imperfective”) of honorific auxiliary verb su) + らる (raru, the older form of passivizing auxiliary verb rareru, here serving as another honorific).[1][2]
Verb
いらっしゃる (intransitive, irregular conjugation, rōmaji irassharu)
- (honorific) to go
- 1994, Uchida, Yasuo, 三州吉良殺人事件 (Sanshū Kira Satsujin Jiken, “Murder in Kira, Sanshū”), Tōkyō: Kadokawa Shoten Publishing Co., Ltd, →ISBN Invalid ISBN, pages 304:
- 孫娘は身をよじらんばかりに恐縮して、「あの、これからどちらへいらっしゃるのでしょうか?」と訊いた。
- Magomusume wa mi o yojiran bakari ni kyōshuku shite, “ano, kore kara dochira e irassharu no deshō ka?” to kiita.
- The granddaughter asked, so shyly that she was practically writhing, "Um, where might you be going next?"
- 孫娘は身をよじらんばかりに恐縮して、「あの、これからどちらへいらっしゃるのでしょうか?」と訊いた。
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- (honorific) to come
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- でも一体、何時ごろあなた方はこちらへいらっしゃるのかしら?
- Demo ittai, nanji goro anatagata wa kochira e irassharu no kashira?
- But then, around what time would you be coming, I wonder?
- でも一体、何時ごろあなた方はこちらへいらっしゃるのかしら?
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- (honorific) to be
- 山田さんがいらっしゃいますでしょうか。
- Yamada-san ga irasshaimasu deshō ka.
- Is Yamada-san there? (such as when telephoning a place of business)
- お元気でいらっしゃいますか。
- O-genki de irasshaimasu ka.
- Are you doing well?
- 山田さんがいらっしゃいますでしょうか。
Usage notes
As listed above, this term can variously mean going, coming, or being in one place. Which meaning is intended depends on context. Compare お出で (oide) of similarly broad and context-dependent meaning.
Conjugation
Conjugation of "いらっしゃる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | いらっしゃら | irasshara | |
Continuative (連用形) | いらっしゃい いらっしゃり |
irasshai irasshari | |
Terminal (終止形) | いらっしゃる | irassharu | |
Attributive (連体形) | いらっしゃる | irassharu | |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | いらっしゃれ | irasshare | |
Imperative (命令形) | いらっしゃい | irasshai | |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | いらっしゃられる | irassharareru | |
Causative | いらっしゃらせる いらっしゃらす |
irassharaseru irassharasu | |
Potential | いらっしゃれる | irasshareru | |
Volitional | いらっしゃろう | irassharō | |
Negative | いらっしゃらない | irassharanai | |
Negative continuative | いらっしゃらず | irassharazu | |
Formal | いらっしゃいます | irasshaimasu | |
Perfective | いらっしゃった | irasshatta | |
Conjunctive | いらっしゃって | irasshatte | |
Hypothetical conditional | いらっしゃれば | irasshareba |
Synonyms
- お出でになる (oide ni naru)
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