ずる賢い
Japanese
Kanji in this term |
---|
賢 |
かしこ > がしこ Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
Alternative forms
Etymology
Compound of 狡い (zurui, “tricky, cunning, devious”) + 賢い (kashikoi, “smart, clever, intelligent”).[1][2][3][4] The kashikoi changes to gashikoi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
The spelling ずる賢い is more common than 狡賢い, due to the 狡 character falling into disuse.
Pronunciation
Inflection
Inflection of ずる賢い
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | ずる賢かろ | ずるがしこかろ | zurugashikokaro |
Continuative (連用形) | ずる賢く | ずるがしこく | zurugashikoku |
Terminal (終止形) | ずる賢い | ずるがしこい | zurugashikoi |
Attributive (連体形) | ずる賢い | ずるがしこい | zurugashikoi |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | ずる賢けれ | ずるがしこけれ | zurugashikokere |
Imperative (命令形) | ずる賢かれ | ずるがしこかれ | zurugashikokare |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | ずる賢くない | ずるがしこくない | zurugashikoku nai |
Informal past | ずる賢かった | ずるがしこかった | zurugashikokatta |
Informal negative past | ずる賢くなかった | ずるがしこくなかった | zurugashikoku nakatta |
Formal | ずる賢いです | ずるがしこいです | zurugashikoi desu |
Formal negative | ずる賢くないです | ずるがしこくないです | zurugashikoku nai desu |
Formal past | ずる賢かったです | ずるがしこかったです | zurugashikokatta desu |
Formal negative past | ずる賢くなかったです | ずるがしこくなかったです | zurugashikoku nakatta desu |
Conjunctive | ずる賢くて | ずるがしこくて | zurugashikokute |
Conditional | ずる賢ければ | ずるがしこければ | zurugashikokereba |
Provisional | ずる賢かったら | ずるがしこかったら | zurugashikokattara |
Volitional | ずる賢かろう | ずるがしこかろう | zurugashikokarō |
Adverbial | ずる賢く | ずるがしこく | zurugashikoku |
Degree | ずる賢さ | ずるがしこさ | zurugashikosa |
References
- 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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