やばい
Japanese
Alternative forms
- やべえ (yabē)
- ヤベー (yabē)
Etymology
Originally a slang term used in the criminal underworld,[1][2][3] used to indicate that the police were getting close.[1]
Derived as a shift to an -i adjective of older -na adjective やば (yaba, “illegal, dangerous, uneasy, not going well”), itself a slang term of uncertain derivation that appears in sources from the early 1800s.[1][2][3]
Possibly related to the ayabu- stem in 危ぶむ (ayabumu, “to fear something, to view something as dangerous”), and the ayau- stem in 危うい (ayaui, “dangerous”, ancient reading ayapui).
Adjective
やばい (-i inflection, hiragana and katakana ヤバい, rōmaji yabai)
Inflection
Inflection of やばい
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | やばかろ | yabakaro | |
Continuative (連用形) | やばく | yabaku | |
Terminal (終止形) | やばい | yabai | |
Attributive (連体形) | やばい | yabai | |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | やばけれ | yabakere | |
Imperative (命令形) | やばかれ | yabakare | |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | やばくない | yabaku nai | |
Informal past | やばかった | yabakatta | |
Informal negative past | やばくなかった | yabaku nakatta | |
Formal | やばいです | yabai desu | |
Formal negative | やばくないです | yabaku nai desu | |
Formal past | やばかったです | yabakatta desu | |
Formal negative past | やばくなかったです | yabaku nakatta desu | |
Conjunctive | やばくて | yabakute | |
Conditional | やばければ | yabakereba | |
Provisional | やばかったら | yabakattara | |
Volitional | やばかろう | yabakarō | |
Adverbial | やばく | yabaku | |
Degree | やばさ | yabasa |
Usage notes
This is an example of a word that can be spelled with katakana to convey an informal conversational tone, as ヤバい.
References
- 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Further reading
- Etymology at Gogen-Allguide (in Japanese)
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