制服

Chinese

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhìfú

(Zhuyin): ㄓˋ ㄈㄨˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zai³ fuk⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chṳ-fu̍k
Min Nan (POJ): chè-ho̍k / chì-ho̍k

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Pinyin: zhìfú
  - Zhuyin: ㄓˋ ㄈㄨˊ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyhfwu
  - IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹ fu³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    制服
    至福
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: zai³ fuk⁶
  - Yale: jai fuhk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzai³ fuk⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: zei³ fug⁶
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐi̯³³ fʊk̚²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ-fu̍k
  - Hakka Romanization System: zii fug
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zi⁴ fug⁶
  - IPA: /t͡sɨ⁵⁵ fuk̚⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chè-ho̍k
  - Tâi-lô: tsè-ho̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zea'hok
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡se¹¹⁻⁵³ hɔk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡se²¹⁻⁴¹ hɔk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡se⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hɔk̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡se²¹⁻⁵³ hɔk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chì-ho̍k
  - Tâi-lô: tsì-ho̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cie'hok
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕi²¹⁻⁵³ hɔk̚¹²¹/

Middle Chinese: /t͡ɕiᴇi^H bɨuk̚/▼

Rime
Character	制	服
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	祭 (35)	屋 (4)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	征例切	房六切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiᴇi^H/	/bɨuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiɛi^H/	/biuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕjæi^H/	/biuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ciaj^H/	/buwk̚/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiɛi^H/	/biuk̚/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭɛi^H/	/bĭuk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯ɛi^H/	/bʱi̯uk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhì	fú

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*tet-s [b]ək|[b]əʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*kjeds bɯɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	制	服	服	服	服
Reading #	1/1	1/4	2/4	3/4	4/4
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhì	fú	fú	fú	fù
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyej^H ›	‹ bjuwk ›	‹ bjuwk ›	‹ bjuwk ›	‹ bjuw^X ›
Old Chinese	/*tet-s/	/*[b]ək/	/*[b]ək/	/*[b]ək/	/*[b]əʔ/
English	cut out, prepare	quiver (n.)	garment; wear (v.)	subdue, submit	box of a carriage
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	制	服
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	17377	3366
Phonetic component	制	服
Rime group	祭	職
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	制	伏
Old Chinese	/*kjeds/	/*bɯɡ/

Etymology 1

		to control	to serve; to obey
simp. and trad. (制服)		制	服
variant forms		制伏

Verb

制服

to subdue; to overpower

Etymology 2

		system	clothing
simp. and trad. (制服)		制	服

Noun

制服

(clothing) uniform

Antonyms

便衣 (biànyī)

Etymology 3

		to regulate	clothing
simp. and trad. (制服)		制	服

Verb

制服

to regulate what one is allowed to wear depending on social status

Etymology 4

		mourning rite on behalf of parents' deaths in ancient China	clothing
simp. and trad. (制服)		制	服

Noun

制服

mourning garment

Japanese

Kanji in this term
制	服
せい Grade: 5	ふく Grade: 3
on’yomi

Pronunciation

On’yomi: Kan’on
- (Tokyo) せーふく [sèéfúkú] (Heiban – [0])
- IPA^(key): [se̞ːɸɯ̟̊ᵝkɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

制服 (hiragana せいふく, rōmaji seifuku)

(clothing) uniform

Synonyms

ユニフォーム (yunifōmu)

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制服

Chinese

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Verb

Etymology 2

Noun

Antonyms

See also

Etymology 3

Verb

Etymology 4

Noun

Japanese

Pronunciation

Noun

Synonyms