化石
Chinese
to make into; to change into; ‑ization; to ... ‑ize; to transform |
rock; stone; 10 pecks | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (化石) |
化 | 石 | |
| anagram | 石化 | ||
Etymology
Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 化石 (kaseki, “fossil”)
Pronunciation
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 化 | 石 |
| か Grade: 3 |
せき Grade: 1 |
| on’yomi | |
Noun
化石 (hiragana かせき, rōmaji kaseki, historical hiragana くわせき)
- a fossil
- petrifaction
- (metaphor, insult) out-of-date person, thing
Derived terms
- 化石化 (kasekika): fossilize
- 化石学 (kasekigaku): paleontology
- 化石層 (kasekisō): fossil bed
- 化石人類 (kaseki jinrui): fossil men
- 化石燃料 (kaseki nenryō): fossil fuel
- 化石類人猿 (kaseki ruijin'en): anthropoid fossil
- 微化石 (bikaseki): microfossil
- 糞化石 (funkaseki): coprolite, guano
- 示準化石 (jijun-kaseki): index fossil, key fossil
- 生痕化石 (seikon kaseki): trace fossil
- 生きた化石 (ikita kaseki): living fossil, relict
Conjugation
Conjugation of "化石する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 化石し | かせきし | kaseki shi | |
| Continuative (連用形) | 化石し | かせきし | kaseki shi | |
| Terminal (終止形) | 化石する | かせきする | kaseki suru | |
| Attributive (連体形) | 化石する | かせきする | kaseki suru | |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 化石すれ | かせきすれ | kaseki sure | |
| Imperative (命令形) | 化石せよ¹ 化石しろ² |
かせきせよ¹ かせきしろ² |
kaseki seyo¹ kaseki shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 化石される | かせきされる | kaseki sareru | |
| Causative | 化石させる 化石さす |
かせきさせる かせきさす |
kaseki saseru kaseki sasu | |
| Potential | 化石できる | かせきできる | kaseki dekiru | |
| Volitional | 化石しよう | かせきしよう | kaseki shiyō | |
| Negative | 化石しない | かせきしない | kaseki shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 化石せず | かせきせず | kaseki sezu | |
| Formal | 化石します | かせきします | kaseki shimasu | |
| Perfective | 化石した | かせきした | kaseki shita | |
| Conjunctive | 化石して | かせきして | kaseki shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 化石すれば | かせきすれば | kaseki sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
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