支那

Chinese

		phonetic
simp. and trad. (支那)		支	那

Etymology

From Sanskrit चीन (cīna), which in turn is likely from Chinese 秦 (OC *zin).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Zhīnà

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄋㄚˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zi¹ naa⁴
Min Nan (POJ): Chi-ná

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: Zhīnà
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄋㄚˋ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Jynah
  - IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ na̠⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: zi¹ naa⁴
  - Yale: jī nàh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzi¹ naa⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ji¹ na⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡siː⁵⁵ naː²¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Chi-ná
  - Tâi-lô: Tsi-ná
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cinar
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕi⁴⁴⁻²² nã⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕi³³ nã⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕi⁴⁴⁻²² nã⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕi⁴⁴⁻³³ nã⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕi⁴⁴⁻³³ nã⁴¹/

Proper noun

支那

(obsolete, now usually derogatory) China

Derived terms

交趾支那 (Jiāozhǐ-Zhīnà)
印度支那 (Yìndù-Zhīnà)
支那人 (Zhīnàrén)

支那語／支那语 (Zhīnàyǔ)
支那通 (Zhīnàtōng)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
支	那
し Grade: 5	な Grade: S
on’yomi

Alternative forms

シナ

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 支那 (t͡ɕie̞ nɑ), a phonetic transcription of Sanskrit चीन (cīna), itself likely deriving from Old Chinese 秦 (*dzin), the name of the Qin Dynasty and the Qin state.

Pronunciation

On’yomi: Goon
- IPA^(key): [ɕina̠]

Proper noun

支那 (hiragana しな, katakana シナ, rōmaji Shina)

(prewar, often considered derogatory in modern speech) China

Usage notes

The kanji spelling 支那 was more common historically, and is still encountered with some frequency when this word is used. Modern usage includes シナ in katakana. However, this term as a whole is used less frequently than in the past, due in part to changes in geopolitics.

Derived terms

東支那海 (ひがししなかい) (Higashi Shina Kai): East China Sea
支 (し)那 (な)蕎 (そ)麦 (ば) (Shina soba): Chinese noodles, ramen
支那竹 (しなちく) (Shina chiku): menma (cooked bamboo sprout, a kind of ramen topping)

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