時計
See also: 时计
Chinese
o'clock; time; when; hour; season; period |
to calculate; to compute; to count; reckon; ruse; to plan | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (時計) | 時 | 計 | |
| simp. (时计) | 时 | 计 | |
| anagram | 計時／计时 | ||
Pronunciation
Japanese
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 時 | 計 |
| とき > と Grade: 2 |
けい Grade: 2 |
| Irregular | kan’on |
From Middle Chinese 土圭 (tʰuoX kwei, literally “earth, clay + stack of clay tablets”, a kind of sundial used in the Zhou Dynasty).[1][2][3]
The 土圭 spelling is the original form, with the kan'on reading of tokei. This has been largely superseded by the ateji (当て字) spelling 時計 in modern writing.
Alternative forms
- 土圭 (historical)
Derived terms
Derived terms
- 腕時計 (udedokei): a wristwatch
- 置き時計 (okidokei): a desk clock
- 掛け時計 (kakedokei): a wall clock
- 絡繰り時計 (karakuridokei): an automaton clock
- 原子時計 (genshidokei): an atomic clock
- 鳩時計 (hatodokei): a cuckoo clock
- 振り子時計 (furikodokei): a pendulum clock
- 目覚まし時計 (mezamashidokei): an alarm clock
- 砂時計 (sunadokei): a sand clock, an hourglass
- 体内時計 (tainaidokei): a body clock, a biological clock
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 時 | 計 |
| とき Grade: 2 |
はか(り) Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi | |
Compound of 時 (toki, “time”) + 計り (hakari, “measuring”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 計る (hakaru, “to measure”).).[1]
Alternative forms
- 時計り
Noun
時計 (hiragana ときはかり, rōmaji tokihakari)
- (rare, possibly obsolete) a clock, a watch, a timepiece, a timekeeper
Usage notes
This reading is rare.
References
- 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
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