気配

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
気	配
け Grade: 1	はい Grade: 3
goon

From Old Japanese けわい, previously spelled as けはひ and probably originally realized as /kepapi/. This derived as a compound of 気 (ke, “atmosphere, spirit; feeling, mood”) +‎ 這ひ (hahi → hai, “creeping, crawling; spreading”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 這う hau, “to crawl, to creep; to spread along the ground, to spread around”).[1][2][3]

The 配 (hai, “distribution”) kanji was applied to the hai portion of the reading as an example of ateji (当て字).

Pronunciation

On’yomi: Goon
- (Tokyo) けはい [kèháꜜì] (Nakadaka – [2])[2][4][5]
- (Tokyo) けはい [kéꜜhàì] (Atamadaka – [1])[2][4][5]
- IPA^(key): [ke̞ha̠i]

Noun

気配 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 氣配, hiragana けはい, rōmaji kehai)

appearance, sign, hint, air, promise, shadow or presence
人 (ひと)の気 (け)配 (はい)がしない。
Hito no kehai ga shinai.
There is no sign of people.
the state, feeling, or sentiment of a market
(fantasy) a sort of “aura” or “chi” radiated from people or things that denotes their nearby presence
- 2002 August 22, Uraku, Akinobu, “第だい51話わ　泣なき虫むしテイル [Chapter 51: Tail the Crybaby]”, in 東京アンダーグラウンド [Tokyo Underground], volume 9 (fiction), Tokyo: Enix, →ISBN, page 128:
  
  不 (ふ)思 (し)議 (ぎ)ですねっ　気 (け)配 (はい)を消 (け)していたのに
  Fushigi desu ne' Kehai o keshite ita no ni
  Strange. Could’ve sworn I erased my aura.
  完 (かん)璧 (ぺき)すぎんだよ　人 (ひと)ゴミの中 (なか)で逆 (ぎゃく)に浮 (う)いてたぜ
  Kanpeki sugin da yo Hitogomi no naka de gyaku ni uite ta ze
  On the contrary, doing that too perfectly makes you stand out in a crowded area
- 2004 August 17, CLAMP, “Chapitreシャピトル.43 見みえない未み来らい [Chapitre.43 The Unseen Future]”, in ツバサＲＥＳＥＲＶｏｉｒＣＨＲｏＮｉＣＬＥ [Tsubasa: RESERVoir CHRoNiCLE], volume 7 (fiction), Tokyo: Kodansha, →ISBN, page 29:
  
  黒 (くろ)鋼 (がね)さんの気 (け)配 (はい)だ昨日 (き)の桜 (うのおう)都 (と)国 (こく)の人 (ひと)達 (たち)とは違 (ちが)う　同 (おな)じ生 (い)きているものでも気 (け)配 (はい)はそれぞれ違 (ちが)うんだ
  Kurogane-san no kehai da kinō no Ōtokoku no hitotachi to wa chigau Onaji ikite iru mono de mo kehai wa sorezore chigau n da
  Kurogane-san’s aura is different from other people’s from yesterday in Ōto, which means auras vary even among the same kind of living being
- 2004 November 9, Sorachi, Hideaki, “第だい二十四訓くん　昔むかしの武ぶ勇ゆう伝でんは三割わり増ましで話はなせ　盛もり上あががればいいんだよ　盛もり上あががれば [Lesson 24: Triple-Brag about Your Exploits and Everyone Will Be Real Pumped Up I Swear]”, in 銀魂 [Silver Soul], volume 4 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN:
  
  いいか絶 (ぜっ)対 (たい)動 (うご)くなよ　気 (け)配 (はい)を殺 (ころ)せ自 (し)然 (ぜん)と一 (いっ)体 (たい)なるだ　お前 (まえ)は宇 (う)宙 (ちゅう)の一 (いち)部 (ぶ)であり宇 (う)宙 (ちゅう)はお前 (まえ)の一 (いち)部 (ぶ　)だ…
  Ii ka zettai ugoku na yo Kehai o korose shizen to ittai naru da Omae wa uchū no ichibu de ari uchū wa omae no ichibu da…
  Don’t you dare even wiggle. Kill your aura, we’re becoming one with nature. You’ll be a part of the universe and it’ll be a part of you…

Synonyms

(appearance): 有 (あり)様 (さま) (arisama), 様 (よう)子 (す) (yōsu), 景 (けい)気 (き) (keiki)
(sign): 兆 (きざ)し (kizashi), 様 (よう)子 (す) (yōsu)
(market sentiment): 景 (けい)気 (き) (keiki), 市 (し)況 (きょう) (shikyō)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
気	配
き Grade: 1	はい Grade: 3
kan’on

Possibly a shift from kehai above, using the kan'on reading of ki for 気.

Pronunciation

On’yomi: Kan’on
- (Tokyo) きはい [kìháꜜì] (Nakadaka – [2])[2]
- (Tokyo) きはい [kìháí] (Heiban – [0])[2]
- IPA^(key): [kʲi̥ha̠i]

On’yomi: Kan’on
- (Tokyo) きはい [kíꜜhàì] (Atamadaka – [1])[2][5]
- IPA^(key): [kʲiha̠i]

Noun

気配 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 氣配, hiragana きはい, rōmaji kihai)

thoughtfulness, consideration
the appearance, state, or condition of something
mood, feeling, emotion
the state, feeling, or sentiment of a market

Synonyms

(thoughtfulness, consideration): 配 (はい)慮 (りょ) (hairyo), 心 (こころ)遣 (づか)い (kokorozukai), 心 (こころ)使 (づか)い (kokorozukai)
(appearance, state): 有 (あり)様 (さま) (arisama), 様 (よう)子 (す) (yōsu), 景 (けい)気 (き) (keiki)
(mood, feeling): 気 (き)分 (ぶん) (kibun), 気 (き)持 (もち) (kimochi)
(market sentiment): 景 (けい)気 (き) (keiki), 市 (し)況 (きょう) (shikyō)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
気	配
き Grade: 1	くば(り) Grade: 3
jūbakoyomi

Compound of 気 (ki, “atmosphere, spirit; feeling, mood”) +‎ 配り (kubari, “distributing; spreading, as one's attention or care”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 配る kubaru, “to distribute; to spread, as one's attention or care”).[1][2][3]

Alternative forms

気配り

Pronunciation

Jūbakoyomi
- (Tokyo) きくばり [kìkúꜜbàrì] (Nakadaka – [2])[2][5][4]
- IPA^(key): [kʲi̥kɯ̟ᵝba̠ɾʲi]

Noun

気配 (shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai kanji 氣配, hiragana きくばり, rōmaji kikubari)

thoughtfulness, consideration

Synonyms

配 (はい)慮 (りょ) (hairyo)
心 (こころ)遣 (づか)い (kokorozukai), 心 (こころ)使 (づか)い (kokorozukai)

References

1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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[KDJ-1] 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

[DJR-2] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJS-3] 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[NHK-4] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

[SMK5-5] 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN