泣く

Japanese
Kanji in this term
泣
な
Grade: 4
kun’yomi

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old Japanese, derived from the apophonic form of 音 (ne, “(emotional) voice”) na[1] + く (-ku, verb suffix).

Pronunciation

Verb

泣く (godan conjugation, hiragana なく, rōmaji naku)

  1. (intransitive) to cry; to weep; to sob
    • Takahashi, Rumiko, “ＰＡＲＴパート.８　格かく闘とう演えん芸げい会かい [PART.8 Fighting Show]”, in らんま½ [Ranma ½], volume 5 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 137:
      て、天 (てん)道 (どう)あかねっ‼なんてことをするんだっ‼
      Te, Tendō Akane'‼ Nan te koto o surun da'‼
      Te, Tendō Akane‼ How could you⁉
      泣 (な)くんじゃないっ‼
      Nakun ja nai'‼
      Quit wailing, will you⁉
    • 2005 November 9, Watsuki, Nobuhiro, “武ブ装ソウ錬レン金キンファイナル [Armed Alchemy: The Final Act]”, in 武ブ装ソウ錬レン金キン [Armed Alchemy], volume 9 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, page 180:
      バカヤロオォ‼許 (ゆる)さねぇぞ　武 (む)藤 (とう)ォ！よくも先 (せん)輩 (ぱい)を泣 (な)かせやがって…‼
      Baka yarōo‼ Yurusanee zo Mutōo! Yoku mo senpai o nakaseya gatte…‼
      Bastard‼ I won’t forgive you, Mutō! How dare you make senpai cry…‼
  2. (intransitive) to howl
  3. (transitive) to grieve over something

Conjugation
Conjugation of "泣く" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 泣か なか naka
Continuative (連用形) 泣き なき naki
Terminal (終止形) 泣く なく naku
Attributive (連体形) 泣く なく naku
Hypothetical (仮定形) 泣け なけ nake
Imperative (命令形) 泣け なけ nake
Key constructions
Passive 泣かれる なかれる nakareru
Causative 泣かせる
泣かす		 なかせる
なかす		 nakaseru
nakasu
Potential 泣ける なける nakeru
Volitional 泣こう なこう nakō
Negative 泣かない なかない nakanai
Negative continuative 泣かず なかず nakazu
Formal 泣きます なきます nakimasu
Perfective 泣いた ないた naita
Conjunctive 泣いて ないて naite
Hypothetical conditional 泣けば なけば nakeba

Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 泣 (な)き (naki)
  • 鳴 (な)く (naku), 啼 (な)く (naku)
  • 泣 (な)く泣 (な)く (nakunaku, “tearfully, in tears, weeping, crying”)
  • しくしく泣 (な)く (shikushikunaku, “sob, weep”)
  • すすり泣 (な)く, 啜 (すす)り泣 (な)く, 啜 (すす)りなく (susuri-naku, “sob”)
  • 一 (いっ)銭 (せん)を笑 (わら)う者 (もの)は一 (いっ)銭 (せん)に泣 (な)く (issen o warau mono wa issen ni naku, “take care of the penny”)
  • 名 (な)が泣 (な)く (naganaku): of a restaurant or a public person, to not be worthy of some reputation
  • 咽 (むせ)び泣 (な)く (musebinaku, “sob, be choked with tears”)
  • 忍 (しの)び泣 (な)く (shinobi-naku, “shed silent tears”)
  • 泣 (な)く子 (こ)と地 (じ)頭 (とう)には勝 (か)てぬ (nakuko to jitō ni wa katenu): you can't fight City Hall, you cannot win against someone who doesn't listen to reason
  • 蚊 (か)の泣 (な)くような声 (こえ) (ka no naku yō na koe, “very thin voice”)

See also

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
  • 2002, Yasuo Kitahara, 明鏡国語辞典 (Meikyō Kokugo Jiten), First Edition (in Japanese), Tokyo: Taishūkan Shoten, →ISBN
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