煉獄

See also: 炼狱

Chinese

		refine; smelt	prison
trad. (煉獄)		煉	獄
simp. (炼狱)		炼	狱

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): liànyù

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄢˋ ㄩˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lin⁶ juk⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lien-ngiu̍k
Min Nan (POJ): liān-ga̍k / liān-ge̍k

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: liànyù
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄢˋ ㄩˋ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liannyiw
  - Tongyong Pinyin: liànyù
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ljɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: lin⁶ juk⁶
  - Yale: lihn yuhk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lin⁶ juk⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: lin⁶ yug⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /liːn²² jʊk̚²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lien-ngiu̍k
  - Hakka Romanization System: lien ngiug
  - Hagfa Pinyim: lian⁴ ngiug⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /li̯en⁵⁵ ɲi̯uk̚⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liān-ga̍k / liān-ge̍k
  - Tâi-lô: liān-ga̍k / liān-gi̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: liexn'gak, liexn'gek
  - IPA (Xiamen): /liɛn²²⁻²¹ gak̚⁴/, /liɛn²²⁻²¹ giɪk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /liɛn⁴¹⁻²² gak̚²⁴/, /liɛn⁴¹⁻²² giɪk̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɛn²²⁻²¹ gak̚¹²¹/, /liɛn²²⁻²¹ giɪk̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /liɛn³³⁻¹¹ gak̚⁴/, /liɛn³³⁻¹¹ giɪk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɛn³³⁻²¹ gak̚⁴/, /liɛn³³⁻²¹ giɪk̚⁴/

Noun

煉獄

(theology, Roman Catholicism) purgatory

Japanese

Kanji in this term
煉	獄
れん Jinmeiyō	ごく Grade: S
on’yomi

Etymology

煉 (ren, “to refine”) +‎ 獄 (goku, “prison”)

Pronunciation

On’yomi: Goon
- (Tokyo) れんごく [rèńgókú] (Heiban – [0])
- IPA^(key): [ɾẽ̞ŋɡo̞kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

煉獄 (hiragana れんごく, rōmaji rengoku)

(theology) purgatory
- 2003, Enrico Maxwell- page 76 in Chapter 42 ("Aubird Force") of Hellsing volume 6
  まるで煉獄。
  まるでれんごく。
  
  Marude rengoku.
  Just like purgatory.

Korean

Hanja in this term
煉	獄

Noun

煉獄 • (yeonok, McCune-Reischauer: yŏnok, Yale: yēn.ok) (hangeul 연옥)

Hanja form^? of 연옥 (“purgatory”).

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
煉	獄

Noun

煉獄

Hán tự form of luyện ngục (“purgatory”).

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