蕩蕩

See also: 荡荡

Chinese
 
a pond; pool; wash; squander; sweep away; move; shake; dissolute
 
a pond; pool; wash; squander; sweep away; move; shake; dissolute
trad. (蕩蕩/盪盪) 蕩/盪 蕩/盪
simp. (荡荡) 荡 荡

Pronunciation
Rime
Character 蕩
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 唐 (101)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 徒朗切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /dɑŋX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /dɑŋX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /dɑŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /daŋX/
Li
Rong		 /dɑŋX/
Wang
Li		 /dɑŋX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /dʱɑŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 dàng
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 蕩
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 dàng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ dangX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*N.rˁaŋʔ/
English beat furiously (of the heart)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 蕩
Reading # 2/2
No. 14569
Phonetic
component		 昜
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 蕩
Old
Chinese		 /*l'aːŋʔ/

Adjective

蕩蕩

  1. (literary, ideophonic) vast; broad; spacious (and empty)
  2. (literary, ideophonic) generous; magnanimous
  3. (literary, ideophonic, of water) gushing; surging; rushing
  4. (literary, ideophonic) unrestrained; unconstrained
  5. (literary, ideophonic) floating; drifting; swaying
  6. (literary, ideophonic) bright and clean; luminous

Derived terms
  • 光光蕩蕩／光光荡荡
  • 君子坦蕩蕩，小人長戚戚／君子坦荡荡，小人长戚戚
  • 坦坦蕩蕩／坦坦荡荡
  • 坦蕩蕩／坦荡荡
  • 巍巍蕩蕩／巍巍荡荡
  • 恍恍蕩蕩／恍恍荡荡
  • 悠悠蕩蕩／悠悠荡荡
  • 明蕩蕩／明荡荡
  • 晃晃蕩蕩／晃晃荡荡
  • 浩浩蕩蕩／浩浩荡荡 (hàohàodàngdàng)
  • 淨蕩蕩／净荡荡
  • 湯湯蕩蕩／汤汤荡荡
  • 溶溶蕩蕩／溶溶荡荡
  • 漫蕩蕩／漫荡荡
  • 濟濟蕩蕩／济济荡荡
  • 直蕩蕩／直荡荡
  • 空空蕩蕩／空空荡荡
  • 空蕩蕩／空荡荡
  • 茫茫蕩蕩／茫茫荡荡
  • 莽莽蕩蕩／莽莽荡荡
  • 莽蕩蕩／莽荡荡
  • 蕩蕩悠悠／荡荡悠悠
  • 詄蕩蕩／詄荡荡
  • 踢蕩蕩／踢荡荡
  • 迷迷蕩蕩／迷迷荡荡
  • 靜蕩蕩／静荡荡
  • 飄飄蕩蕩／飘飘荡荡

Japanese
Kanji in this term
蕩 蕩
とう
Hyōgaiji		 とう
Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

Alternative forms

Etymology

/tautau/ → /tɔːtɔː/ → /toːtoː/

From Middle Chinese 蕩蕩 (MC dɑŋX dɑŋX).

Due to some similarity in meaning in the source Chinese and further conflation in Japanese, this term is variously spelled either 蕩蕩 or 湯湯. Note that the difference is the presence or absence of the radical 艹 at the top of each character.

Pronunciation

Adjective

蕩蕩 (-tari inflection, hiragana とうとう, rōmaji tōtō, historical hiragana たうたう)

  1. (uncommon, literary) spacious, grandiose
  2. (uncommon, literary) level and peaceful
  3. (uncommon, literary) gushing, surging, rushing
  4. (uncommon, literary) gentle
  5. (uncommon, literary) disordered, unconstrained

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  • 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
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