徒

徒 (radical 60, 彳+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹人土卜人 (HOGYO), four-corner 2428₁, composition ⿰彳走)

• KangXi: page 367, character 22
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10121
• Dae Jaweon: page 691, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 823, character 3
• Unihan data for U+5F92

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *l'aː) : semantic 辵 (“walk”) + phonetic 土 (OC *l̥ʰaːʔ, *l'aːʔ).

徒

1. to be on foot
2. foot soldier
3. disciple; follower; adherent
4. religious follower; apostle; worshipper
5. prison sentence
6. (derogatory) suffix for people with certain characteristics
7. bare; plain
8. merely; only; just
9. in vain; unsuccessfully; to no avail
10. A surname​.

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. going on foot
2. empty-handed
3. useless, in vain
4. disciple
5. a party, a gang
6. criminal, penal servitude

• Go-on: ず (zu)^{←づ (du, historical)}
• Kan-on: と (to, Jōyō)
• Kun: いたずら (itazura)^{←いたづら (itadura, historical)}; あだ (ada); かち (kachi); ともがら (tomogara); むだ (muda)
• Nanori: とも (tomo)

徒 (-nari inflection, hiragana いたずら, rōmaji itazura, historical hiragana いたづら)

1. (Classical Japanese) useless, pointless, fruitless
2. (Classical Japanese) unsatisfied because there is nothing to be; tasteless
3. (Classical Japanese) in idleness

徒 (hiragana いたずら, rōmaji itazura, historical hiragana いたづら)

1. a kind of women's hairstyles in the late Edo period

• 徒 (いたず)らに (itazurani, “uselessly, pointlessly”)
• 悪戯 (いたずら) (itazura, “prank, mischief”)

• Kun’yomi
  • (Tokyo) あだ​ [àdáꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
  • IPA^(key): [a̠da̠]

徒 (-nari inflection, hiragana あだ, rōmaji ada)

1. (Classical Japanese) useless, fruitless
2. (Classical Japanese) ephemeral, temporary
3. (Classical Japanese) fickle, frivolous
4. (Classical Japanese) slack, lukewarm

• Kun’yomi
  • (Tokyo) と​ [tóꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])
  • IPA^(key): [to̞]

徒 (hiragana と, rōmaji to)

1. fellows, same kind people; a set, a party, a gang

   Synonyms: 輩 (yakara), 輩 (tomogara)

• 口舌 (こうぜつ)の徒 (と) (kōzetsu no to)
• 市 (し)井 (せい)の徒 (と) (shisei no to)

• Kun’yomi
  • (Tokyo) ず​ [zúꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])
  • IPA^(key): [d͡zɨᵝ]

徒 (hiragana ず, rōmaji zu, historical hiragana づ)

1. one of the punishments in the ancient Ritsuryō system; penal servitude

   Synonyms: 徒刑 (tokei), 懲役 (chōeki)

• 徒罪 (ずざい) (zuzai)
• 徒 (ず)人 (にん) (zunin)
• 流 (る)徒 (ず) (ruzu)

<kasi> → /kaɕi/

From Eastern dialectal form of Old Japanese. Cognate with Modern Japanese かち (kachi, “walking, going on foot”)

徒 (hiragana かし, rōmaji kashi)

1. (Classical Japanese, dialectal) Obsolete form of かち (kachi): walking, going on foot
   • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 20, poem 4417)

     阿 (あ)加 (か)胡 (ご)麻 (ま)乎 (を)　夜 (や)麻 (ま)努 (の)尓 (に)波 (は)賀 (が)志 (し)　刀 (と)里 (り)加 (か)尓 (に)弖 (て)　多 (た)麻 (ま)能 (の)余 (よ)許 (こ)夜 (や)麻 (ま)　加 (か)志 (し)由 (ゆ)加 (か)也 (や)良 (ら)牟 (む) [Man'yōgana]

     赤駒 (あかごま)を　山野 (やまの)に放 (はが)し　捕 (と)りかにて　多 (た)摩 (ま)の横山 (よこやま)　徒 (かし)ゆか遣 (や)らむ [Modern spelling]

     <Akago₁ma wo yamano₁ ni pagasi to₁rikanite Tama no₂ yo₂ko₂yama kasi yuka yaramu>
     → Akagoma o yamano ni hagashi torikanite Tama no yokoyama kashi yuka yaramu

     Having pastured our red horse on the mountains and fields, and couldn't catch it, so I'll send him who'll go on foot through the mountains on the side of Tama.

徒 • (do) (hangeul 도, revised do, McCune–Reischauer to, Yale to)

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徒 (đồ)

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