負ける
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 負 |
| ま Grade: 3 |
Verb
負ける (transitive and intransitive, ichidan conjugation, hiragana まける, rōmaji makeru)
| Japanese verb pair | |
|---|---|
| active | 負かす |
| mediopassive | 負ける |
| Sense: "to lose" | |
| Japanese verb pair | |
|---|---|
| active | 負ける |
| mediopassive | 負かる |
| Sense: "to reduce price" | |
Conjugation
Conjugation of "負ける" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 負け | まけ | make | |
| Continuative (連用形) | 負け | まけ | make | |
| Terminal (終止形) | 負ける | まける | makeru | |
| Attributive (連体形) | 負ける | まける | makeru | |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 負けれ | まけれ | makere | |
| Imperative (命令形) | 負けよ¹ 負けろ² |
まけよ¹ まけろ² |
makeyo¹ makero² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 負けられる | まけられる | makerareru | |
| Causative | 負けさせる 負けさす |
まけさせる まけさす |
makesaseru makesasu | |
| Potential | 負けられる 負けれる³ |
まけられる まけれる³ |
makerareru makereru³ | |
| Volitional | 負けよう | まけよう | makeyō | |
| Negative | 負けない 負けぬ 負けん |
まけない まけぬ まけん |
makenai makenu maken | |
| Negative continuative | 負けず | まけず | makezu | |
| Formal | 負けます | まけます | makemasu | |
| Perfective | 負けた | まけた | maketa | |
| Conjunctive | 負けて | まけて | makete | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 負ければ | まければ | makereba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential | ||||
Classical conjugation of "負く" (カ行下二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 負け | まけ | make |
| Continuative (連用形) | 負け | まけ | make |
| Terminal (終止形) | 負く | まく | maku |
| Attributive (連体形) | 負くる | まくる | makuru |
| Realis (已然形) | 負くれ | まくれ | makure |
| Imperative (命令形) | 負けよ | まけよ | makeyo |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 負けず | まけず | makezu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 負くれど | まくれど | makuredo |
| Causal conjunction | 負くれば | まくれば | makureba |
| Conditional conjunction | 負けば | まけば | makeba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 負けき | まけき | makeki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 負けけり | まけけり | makekeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 負けつ | まけつ | maketu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 負けぬ | まけぬ | makenu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 負けたり | まけたり | maketari |
Antonyms
- 勝つ (katsu)
Derived terms
- 負け (make, “defeat”)
- 負け惜しみ (makeoshimi, “sour grapes”)
Related terms
- 負かす (makasu)
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