맑다
Korean
Etymology
First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄆᆞᆰ다 (molk.ta).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key)[ma̠k̚t͈a̠]
- Phonetic Hangul[막따]
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Adjective
맑다 • (makda) (infinitive 맑아, sequential 맑으니)
- (air, water, material) to be clear, clean, fresh, pure, limpid, transparent
- 물이 너무 맑으면 물고기가 못산다.
- Muri neomu malgeumyeon mulgogiga motsanda.
- Too clear waters breed and feed no fish.
- (sky, weather) to be clear, fine, sunny
- (sound, voice) to be clear, cheerful
- (consciousness) to be clear, refreshed
- (mind, spirit) to be clear, pure, virtuous, noble
Conjugation
Selected forms of the adjective 맑다 (makda)
| Stems | |
|---|---|
| Stem 1 | 맑 (mak) |
| Stem 2 | 맑아 (malga) |
| Stem 3 | 맑으 (malgeu) |
| Conjugation type | Consonant-stem, regular |
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 맑다 makda |
맑아 malga |
맑아요 malgayo |
맑습니다 makseumnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 맑았다 malgatda |
맑았어 malgasseo |
맑았어요 malgasseoyo |
맑았습니다 malgatseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 맑으냐 malgeunya |
맑아 malga |
맑아요 malgayo |
맑습니까 makseumnikka |
| Past | 맑았냐 malgannya |
맑았어 malgasseo |
맑았어요 malgasseoyo |
맑았습니까 malgatseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 맑겠다 malgetda | 맑겠어 malgesseo | 맑겠어요 malgesseoyo | 맑겠습니다 malgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 맑아 malga | 맑아서 malgaseo | 맑으니 malgeuni | 맑으니까 malgeunikka | |
| Contrast | 맑지만 makjiman | 맑은데 malgeunde | 맑더니 makdeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 맑고 malgo | ||||
| Condition | 맑으면 malgeumyeon | 맑아야 malgaya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 맑음 malgeum | 맑기 malgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 맑았음 malgasseum | 맑았기 malgatgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 맑은 malgeun | |||
| Future | 맑을 malgeul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 맑으시다 malgeusida |
맑으셔 malgeusyeo |
맑으세요, 맑으셔요 malgeuseyo, malgeusyeoyo |
맑으십니다 malgeusimnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 맑으셨다 malgeusyeotda |
맑으셨어 malgeusyeosseo |
맑으셨어요 malgeusyeosseoyo |
맑으셨습니다 malgeusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 맑으시냐 malgeusinya |
맑으셔 malgeusyeo |
맑으세요, 맑으셔요 malgeuseyo, malgeusyeoyo |
맑으십니까 malgeusimnikka |
| Past | 맑으셨냐 malgeusyeonnya |
맑으셨어 malgeusyeosseo |
맑으셨어요 malgeusyeosseoyo |
맑으셨습니까 malgeusyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 맑으시겠다 malgeusigetda | 맑으시겠어 malgeusigesseo | 맑으시겠어요 malgeusigesseoyo | 맑으시겠습니다 malgeusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 맑으셔 malgeusyeo | 맑으셔서 malgeusyeoseo | 맑으시니 malgeusini | 맑으시니까 malgeusinikka | |
| Contrast | 맑으시지만 malgeusijiman | 맑으신데 malgeusinde | 맑으시더니 malgeusideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 맑으시고 malgeusigo | ||||
| Condition | 맑으시면 malgeusimyeon | 맑으셔야 malgeusyeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 맑으심 malgeusim | 맑으시기 malgeusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 맑으셨음 malgeusyeosseum | 맑으셨기 malgeusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 맑으신 malgeusin | |||
| Future | 맑으실 malgeusil | ||||
Synonyms
Antonyms
Derived terms
- 해맑다 (haemakda, “to be white and clean”)
- 말갛다 (malgata, “to be clear, transparent”)
Related terms
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