πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½

Gothic

Etymology

From 𐌱𐌹- (bi-) +β€Ž *πƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½ (*sauljan), from Proto-Germanic *saulijanΔ…. Cognate with English soil (β€œmake dirty”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /biˈsɔːljan/

Verb

πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½ β€’ (bisauljan)

  1. to defile, pollute
    • Titus 1:15:
      𐌰𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐌰𐌻𐌻 πŒ·π‚πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½ πŒ·π‚πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΌ, 𐌹𐌸 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΉπŒΌ 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌿𐌽𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌼 𐌽𐌹 π…πŒ°πŒΉπŒ·π„ πŒ·π‚πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½, 𐌰𐌺 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒΉπŒ³πŒ° πƒπŒΉπŒ½πŒ³ 𐌹𐌢𐌴 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌰𐌷𐌰 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒΌπŒΉπŒΈπ…πŒΉπƒπƒπŒ΄πŒΉ.
      aΓΎΓΎan all hrain hrainjaim, iΓΎ bisaulidaim jah ungalaubjandam ni waiht hrain, ak bisaulida sind izΔ“ jah aha jah miΓΎwissei.
      Unto the pure all things are pure: but unto them that are defiled and unbelieving is nothing pure; but even their mind and conscience is defiled. (KJV)

Usage notes

Conjugation
Class 1 weak
Infinitive πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
bisauljan
Indicative Present Past Present passive
1st singular πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°
bisaulja		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
bisaulida		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
bisauljada
2nd singular πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
bisauleis		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πƒ
bisaulidΔ“s		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒΆπŒ°
bisauljaza
3rd singular πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
bisauleiΓΎ		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
bisaulida		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
bisauljada
1st dual πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπ‰πƒ
bisauljōs		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏ
bisaulidΔ“du		 β€”
2nd dual πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
bisauljats		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ„πƒ
bisaulidΔ“duts		 β€”
1st plural πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒΌ
bisauljam		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΌ
bisaulidΔ“dum		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
bisauljanda
2nd plural πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
bisauleiΓΎ		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΈ
bisaulidΔ“duΓΎ		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
bisauljanda
3rd plural πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³
bisauljand		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ½
bisaulidΔ“dun		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
bisauljanda
Subjunctive Present Past Present passive
1st singular πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
bisauljau		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
bisaulidΔ“djau		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
bisauljaidau
2nd singular πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπƒ
bisauljais		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
bisaulidΔ“deis		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΆπŒ°πŒΏ
bisauljaizau
3rd singular πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉ
bisauljai		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΉ
bisaulidΔ“di		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
bisauljaidau
1st dual πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°
bisauljaiwa		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
bisaulidΔ“deiwa		 β€”
2nd dual πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ
bisauljaits		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
bisaulidΔ“deits		 β€”
1st plural πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
bisauljaima		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
bisaulidΔ“deima		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
bisauljaindau
2nd plural πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΈ
bisauljaiΓΎ		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
bisaulidΔ“deiΓΎ		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
bisauljaindau
3rd plural πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
bisauljaina		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
bisaulidΔ“deina		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
bisauljaindau
Imperative
2nd singular πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒ΄πŒΉ
bisaulei
3rd singular πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
bisauljadau
2nd dual πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
bisauljats
2nd plural πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
bisauleiΓΎ
3rd plural πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
bisauljandau
Present Past
Participles πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ
bisauljands		 πŒ±πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒΏπŒ»πŒΉπŒΈπƒ
bisauliΓΎs

Further reading
  • Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches WΓΆrterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s UniversitΓ€tsbuchhandlung, p. 118
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