πŒ³π‚πŒΉπŒΏπŒ²πŒ°πŒ½

Gothic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *dreuganΔ… (β€œto serve, be a retainer”), from Proto-Indo-European *dΚ°rewgΚ°- (β€œto serve one's tribe”)

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈdriuΜ―Ι‘an/, [ˈdriuΜ―Ι£an]

Verb

πŒ³π‚πŒΉπŒΏπŒ²πŒ°πŒ½ β€’ (driugan)

  1. to wage (warfare)
    • 1 Timothy 1:18:
      πŒΈπ‰ πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒ±πŒΏπƒπŒ½ πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°π†πŒΉπŒ»πŒ·πŒ° πŒΈπŒΏπƒ, πŒ±πŒ°π‚πŒ½πŒΉπŒ»π‰ π„πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°πŒΏπŒΈπŒ°πŒΉπŒΏ, 𐌱𐌹 𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌼 *** π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ° π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πƒπŒ½πŒΉπ…πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΌ 𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐌸𐌿𐌺 π€π‚πŒ°πŒΏπ†πŒ΄π„πŒΎπŒ°πŒΌ, 𐌴𐌹 πŒ³π‚πŒΉπŒΏπŒ²πŒ°πŒΉπƒ 𐌹𐌽 𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌼 πŒΈπŒ°π„πŒ° πŒ²π‰πŒ³π‰ πŒ³π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ·π„πŒΉπ…πŒΉπ„π‰πŒΈ,
      þō anabusn anafilha ΓΎus, barnilō teimauΓΎaiu, bi ΓΎaim *** faura faursniwandam ana ΓΎuk praufΔ“tjam, ei driugais in ΓΎaim ΓΎata gōdō drauhtiwitōþ,
      This charge I commit unto thee, son Timothy, according to the prophecies which went before on thee, that thou by them mightest war a good warfare; (KJV)

Conjugation
Strong
Infinitive πŒ³π‚πŒΉπŒΏπŒ²πŒ°πŒ½
driugan
Indicative Present Past Present passive
1st singular πŒ³π‚πŒΉπŒΏπŒ²πŒ°
driuga		 πŒ³π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ²
draug		 πŒ³π‚πŒΉπŒΏπŒ²πŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
driugada
2nd singular πŒ³π‚πŒΉπŒΏπŒ²πŒΉπƒ
driugis		 πŒ³π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ²π„
draugt		 πŒ³π‚πŒΉπŒΏπŒ²πŒ°πŒΆπŒ°
driugaza
3rd singular πŒ³π‚πŒΉπŒΏπŒ²πŒΉπŒΈ
driugiΓΎ		 πŒ³π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ²
draug		 πŒ³π‚πŒΉπŒΏπŒ²πŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
driugada
1st dual πŒ³π‚πŒΉπŒΏπŒ²π‰πƒ
driugōs		 πŒ³π‚πŒΏπŒ²πŒΏ
drugu		 β€”
2nd dual πŒ³π‚πŒΉπŒΏπŒ²πŒ°π„πƒ
driugats		 πŒ³π‚πŒΏπŒ²πŒΏπ„πƒ
druguts		 β€”
1st plural πŒ³π‚πŒΉπŒΏπŒ²πŒ°πŒΌ
driugam		 πŒ³π‚πŒΏπŒ²πŒΏπŒΌ
drugum		 πŒ³π‚πŒΉπŒΏπŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
driuganda
2nd plural πŒ³π‚πŒΉπŒΏπŒ²πŒΉπŒΈ
driugiΓΎ		 πŒ³π‚πŒΏπŒ²πŒΏπŒΈ
druguΓΎ		 πŒ³π‚πŒΉπŒΏπŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
driuganda
3rd plural πŒ³π‚πŒΉπŒΏπŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³
driugand		 πŒ³π‚πŒΏπŒ²πŒΏπŒ½
drugun		 πŒ³π‚πŒΉπŒΏπŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
driuganda
Subjunctive Present Past Present passive
1st singular πŒ³π‚πŒΉπŒΏπŒ²πŒ°πŒΏ
driugau		 πŒ³π‚πŒΏπŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
drugjau		 πŒ³π‚πŒΉπŒΏπŒ²πŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
driugaidau
2nd singular πŒ³π‚πŒΉπŒΏπŒ²πŒ°πŒΉπƒ
driugais		 πŒ³π‚πŒΏπŒ²πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
drugeis		 πŒ³π‚πŒΉπŒΏπŒ²πŒ°πŒΉπŒΆπŒ°πŒΏ
driugaizau
3rd singular πŒ³π‚πŒΉπŒΏπŒ²πŒ°πŒΉ
driugai		 πŒ³π‚πŒΏπŒ²πŒΉ
drugi		 πŒ³π‚πŒΉπŒΏπŒ²πŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
driugaidau
1st dual πŒ³π‚πŒΉπŒΏπŒ²πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°
driugaiwa		 πŒ³π‚πŒΏπŒ²πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
drugeiwa		 β€”
2nd dual πŒ³π‚πŒΉπŒΏπŒ²πŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ
driugaits		 πŒ³π‚πŒΏπŒ²πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
drugeits		 β€”
1st plural πŒ³π‚πŒΉπŒΏπŒ²πŒ°πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
driugaima		 πŒ³π‚πŒΏπŒ²πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
drugeima		 πŒ³π‚πŒΉπŒΏπŒ²πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
driugaindau
2nd plural πŒ³π‚πŒΉπŒΏπŒ²πŒ°πŒΉπŒΈ
driugaiΓΎ		 πŒ³π‚πŒΏπŒ²πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
drugeiΓΎ		 πŒ³π‚πŒΉπŒΏπŒ²πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
driugaindau
3rd plural πŒ³π‚πŒΉπŒΏπŒ²πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
driugaina		 πŒ³π‚πŒΏπŒ²πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
drugeina		 πŒ³π‚πŒΉπŒΏπŒ²πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
driugaindau
Imperative
2nd singular πŒ³π‚πŒΉπŒΏπŒ²
driug
3rd singular πŒ³π‚πŒΉπŒΏπŒ²πŒ°πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
driugadau
2nd dual πŒ³π‚πŒΉπŒΏπŒ²πŒ°π„πƒ
driugats
2nd plural πŒ³π‚πŒΉπŒΏπŒ²πŒΉπŒΈ
driugiΓΎ
3rd plural πŒ³π‚πŒΉπŒΏπŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
driugandau
Present Past
Participles πŒ³π‚πŒΉπŒΏπŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ
driugands		 πŒ³π‚πŒΏπŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πƒ
drugans

Further reading
  • Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches WΓΆrterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s UniversitΓ€tsbuchhandlung, p. 27
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