-TʼOD

Etymology 1

Exact identification of the root is difficult.

Possibly cognate with -TʼÓÓD (“to suck”) from Proto-Athabaskan *tʼutʼ (“to suck, or muddy matter moves”) describing the subject's mud-like texture. Compare Ahtna kultʼotʼ (“ground is soft”), Koyukon xɑltʼut (“area is muddy”), Sarcee -t’ùd-ā (“to be boiled soft”), Sarcee -t’ùh-ā (“to be silky, velvety”).

Alternatively, cognate with -TʼÓÓD (“to tear”) from Proto-Athabaskan *tʼučʼ (“to peel, to strip”), describing the subject's tearing apart from being too soft or overboiled.

Root

-TʼOD

  1. to be soft, tender, flexible, over-boiled
Theme Category Bases Transitive bases (O + ł)
di + Ø

S is soft, over-boiled

  • ditʼod (Ø-MOM)
  • ditʼódí (NEUT)
  • naatʼood (CONT?)

S over-boils O

  • yidiłtʼod

Stem set
Aspect IMP PERF FUT ITER OPT
MOM -tʼod -tʼod -tʼoł -tʼod -tʼod
CONT -tʼood - - - -
NEUT -tʼódí - - - -

See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.

Synonyms

to be soft:

  • -CHÁÁZH
  • -ZHÓLÍ

Derived terms

Navajo terms belonging to the root -TʼOD (soft)

Etymology 2

Perhaps from Proto-Athabaskan *tʼʊɢ (“to shoot an arrow”), with an irregular coda evolution (*-g> -ʼ or -h would be expected). The original velar resurfaces in béésh astʼogii (“flint arrowhead”). See -TʼOH for the regularly derived root.

Alternatively, from Proto-Athabaskan *tʼut’ (“to suck”). Compare Koyukon utʼʊtʼ (“it sticks by succion, (fabric) sticks to the needle”). See -TʼÓÓD for the regularly derived root.

Root

-TʼOD

  1. arrow is stuck (into flesh)
Theme Category Bases Transitive bases (O + ł)
Ø

S is stuck in P

  • biztʼod

Derived terms

Navajo terms belonging to the root -TʼOD (stuck arrow)

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