-st

From Middle English -st; see -est.

-st

1. (archaic) Verb suffix for the second-person singular; Alternative form of -est
   • Macbeth

     Thou com'st to use thy tongue.

From the written form of first; see further etymology there.

-st

1. Marks ordinals written in digits when the final term of the spelled number is "first"

   the 21st century

• -nd
• -rd
• -th

-s +‎ -t of excrescent suffixes, with -s sometimes genitive.

-st

1. Excrescent suffix (adding sound but largely not changing the meaning).

   ‎among + ‎-st → ‎amongst

   ‎mid + ‎-st → ‎midst

   ‎while + ‎-st → ‎whilst

When there is a shorter synonymous word (as in amongst/among), the form with -st is generally considered more formal, old-fashioned, affected, or British. However, against is distinct from again, and midst is used in some context distinctly from mid.

• T's, TS, Ts, t's, ts

The suffix -st consists of two parts: a suffix -t (Proto-Indo-European *-ti) and an inserted -s-. The -s- is the result of a wrong segmentation of stem and suffix of a noun in cases where the stem of the noun ended with -s-. For example: a word like Dutch vorst (“frost”) could be interpreted as vors+t or as vor+st. This suffix existed already in Gothic (𐌰𐌽𐍃𐍄𐍃 (ansts), from 𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (unnan)).[1]

-st f (plural -sten)

1. appended to the stem of a verb, this suffix yields a verbal noun; it is similar in function to the Dutch suffix -ing

-st

1. appended to an adjective this suffix forms the superlative

   vreemd (“strange”) → vreemdst (“strangest”)

-st

1. verb suffix for the second-person singular

   Du hast eine Katze. (You have a cat.)

-st

1. forming superlatives of adjectives and adverb

It was formed from -s (adjective-forming suffix) + -t (adverbial suffix) in the Old Hungarian period. The adverbial sense of the suffix -t can be shown only in this -st morpheme.[1]

• IPA^(key): [ʃt]

-st

1. (adverbial suffix) Forms an adverb of manner.

It is no longer productive and can be found only in a few adverbs: bízvást, egyenest, fogvást, folyvást, folyton-folyvást, homlokegyenest, képest, mármost, mihelyst, most, oldalvást, óvást, örömest, rögvest, szemlátomást, üstöllést, valamelyest, vegyest.[2]

• Harmonic variants:

  -ást

  -est

  öröm (“joy”) → örömest (“with joy”)

-st

1. turns verbs into middle voice verbs

• Appendix:Icelandic middle voice verbs
• Category:Icelandic middle voice verbs

From Old Dutch -ist, -ost, from Proto-Germanic *-istaz, *-ōstaz.

-st

1. Forms the superlative of adjectives; -est

See Category:Middle Dutch adjective superlative forms.

• -er

• Dutch: -st