< Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/gninuti
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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥néh₃ti (“to know, recognize”).
Inflection
| Active voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *gninu | *gninunnem | ? | ? |
| 2nd singular | *gninusi | *gninutū | ? | ? |
| 3rd singular | *gninuti | *gninu(to) | ? | ? |
| 1st plural | *gninumu | *gninummets | ? | ? |
| 2nd plural | *gninute | *gninutes, *?swīs | ? | ? |
| 3rd plural | *gninunti | *gninuntets | ? | ? |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | ? | ? | — | |
| 2nd singular | ? | ? | *gninu | |
| 3rd singular | ? | ? | *gninut | |
| 1st plural | ? | ? | *gninumu | |
| 2nd plural | ? | ? | *gninutīs | |
| 3rd plural | ? | ? | *gninunt | |
| Passive voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *gninur | — | ? | — |
| 2nd singular | *gninutar | — | ? | — |
| 3rd singular | *gninutor | *gninutey | ? | ? |
| 1st plural | *gninummor | — | ? | — |
| 2nd plural | *gninudwe | — | ? | — |
| 3rd plural | *gninuntor | *gninuntits | ? | ? |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | ? | — | — | |
| 2nd singular | ? | — | *gninutar | |
| 3rd singular | ? | — | *gninur | |
| 1st plural | ? | — | *gninummor | |
| 2nd plural | ? | — | *gninudwe | |
| 3rd plural | ? | — | *gninuntor | |
Alternative reconstructions
- *gninati[1]
Reconstruction notes
Matasović reconstructs this verb as *gninati, but the fact that the stem vowel i is not lowered to e in Old Irish shows that the vowel of the following syllable cannot have been a.[2]
Related terms
Derived terms
Descendants
- Gaulish: gniiou
References
- Matasović, Ranko (2009) , “*gni-na-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 163
- Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940, reprinted 2003) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, § 552, page 357
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