< Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic
Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kalma
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
Most likely from Proto-Uralic *kalma (“grave, death?”) (which would make the word a doublet with *koolema), but compare also Proto-Germanic *kwalmaz (“killing, death”); *skalmǭ (“plague”).
Inflection
Inflection of *kalma
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *kalma | *kalmat | |
| accusative | *kalman | *kalmat | |
| genitive | *kalman | *kalmaden *kalmoiden | |
| partitive | *kalmada | *kalmoida | |
| inessive | *kalmassa | *kalmoissa | |
| elative | *kalmasta | *kalmoista | |
| illative | *kalmahen | *kalmoihen | |
| adessive | *kalmalla | *kalmoilla | |
| ablative | *kalmalta | *kalmoilta | |
| allative | *kalmalek | *kalmoilek | |
| essive | *kalmana | *kalmoina | |
| translative | *kalmaksi | *kalmoiksi | |
| instructive | *kalman | *kalmoin | |
| comitative | *kalmanek | *kalmoinek | |
| abessive | *kalmakta | *kalmoikta | |
Derived terms
- *kalmisto
Descendants
References
- kalm in Metsmägi, Iris; Sedrik, Meeli; Soosaar, Sven-Erik (2012), Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat, Tallinn: Eesti Keele Instituut, →ISBN
- Kylstra, A.D.; Hahmo, Sirkka-Liisa; Hofstra, Tette; Nikkilä, Otto. 1991–2012. Lexicon der älteren germanischen Lehnwörter in den ostseefinnischen Sprachen. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
- Itkonen, Erkki; Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000) Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words] (in Finnish), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
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