Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ungō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Unknown. No certain cognates outside of Germanic. Perhaps cognate with Latin suffixes -andō (forms dative/ablative gerund from first conjugation verbs), -endō (forms dative/ablative gerund second, third and fourth conjugation verbs) and -undō (forms dative/ablative gerund from irregular verbs)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /uŋ.ɡɔː/

Suffix

*-ungō f

-ing, -ion. Forms gerund nouns from verbs.

Inflection

ō-stemDeclension of *-ungō (ō-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*-ungō	*-ungôz
vocative	*-ungō	*-ungôz
accusative	*-ungǭ	*-ungōz
genitive	*-ungōz	*-ungǫ̂
dative	*-ungōi	*-ungōmaz
instrumental	*-ungō	*-ungōmiz

Derived terms

► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Proto-Germanic_words_suffixed_with_*-ung%C5%8D' title='Category:Proto-Germanic words suffixed with *-ungō'>Proto-Germanic words suffixed with *-ungō</a>

Related terms

*-ingō

Descendants

Old English: -ung, -ing
- Middle English: -ing
  - English: -ing
Old Frisian: -unge, -inge
- West Frisian: -ing
Old Saxon: -unga
- Middle Low German:
  - Low German: -unge; -ung
Old Dutch: -unga, -onga
- Middle Dutch: -inge
  - Dutch: -ing
Old High German: -unga
- Middle High German: -ung
  - German: -ung
  - Silesian: -ung
  - Yiddish: ־ונג‎ (-ung)
  - → Polish: -unek

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