Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bō-

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

*ba-

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰā-, *bʰāt- (“father, (elder) brother”). Cognate with Lithuanian batis (“father, dad, friend”), Russian батько (batʹko, “dad”).

Noun

*bō-, *bōbō-, *bōl-, *bōj- m

A stem meaning father, brother, close male relation

Derived terms

*babô
*bōbô
*bōlô
*bōjô

Descendants

This stem often appears in reduplicated form *bō-bō-; and in combination with other particles, namely -l- and -j-.

Old English: *baba; *bōba, *bōfa (> Bōba, Bōfa, a male forename); *bōia (> Bōia, a male forename)
- Middle English: babe, babi; boye, boy, boi
  - Scots: babe, babie; boy
  - English: babe, baby, bae; boy
    - Dutch: babe, baby
Old Frisian: bobba; *bōfa; *bōla; boy, boi (Bavo, a male forename; Boio, a male forename)
- Saterland Frisian: Baabe
- West Frisian: bobbe, bobbert; boef; boai
Old Saxon: *bōvo (> Bōvo, a male forename); *bōlo; *bōjo, Bōjo (a male forename)
- Middle Low German: bôve; bôle; *boie
  - German Low German: Boov
  - Low German: Boi
Old Frankish: *buobo (> Buobo, a male forename); *buolo; *buoi
- Old Dutch: *buovo; *buolo; *buoi
  - Middle Dutch: boeve, bouve; boele, boel; boi
    - Dutch: boef, boel, (dialectal) boeleke
    - English: bully
- Old French: boi, boy
Old High German: *babo (> Babo, a male forename); (Langobardic) *bōbo (>Bōbo, a male forename); *buobo (> Buobo, a male forename); *buolo, *buola
- Middle High German: buobe; buole
  - German: Bube; Buhle
    - Pennsylvania German: Bub, Buh, Bu
      - English: bub
  - Vilamovian: buwła
Old Norse: bófi; *bóa
- Icelandic: bófi
- Faroese: babba
- Norwegian: boa (dialectal)
- Swedish: babbe; bobbe (dialectal)
Gothic: *𐌱𐍉𐌹𐍉 (*bōiō) (a male forename)

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