Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grunduz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *gʰrm̥tús, a tu-stem derived from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrem-.[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɣrun.duz/

Noun

*grunduz m

ground, foundation

Inflection

u-stemDeclension of *grunduz (u-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*grunduz	*grundiwiz
vocative	*grundu	*grundiwiz
accusative	*grundų	*grundunz
genitive	*grundauz	*grundiwǫ̂
dative	*grundiwi	*grundumaz
instrumental	*grundū	*grundumiz

Related terms

*grandô

Descendants

Old English: grund
- Middle English: grund, grounde, ground
  - English: ground
    - → Fiji Hindi: garaund
Old Frisian: grund
- West Frisian: grûn
Old Saxon: grund
Old Dutch: grunt
- Middle Dutch: gront
  - Dutch: grond
Old High German: grunt
- Middle High German: grunt
  - Cimbrian: grund, grumf (< with epenthetic -f- *grumfþuz)
  - German: Grund
    - → Polish: grunt
    - → Russian: грунт (grunt)
    - → Serbo-Croatian: грунт
  - Luxembourgish: Grond
  - Yiddish: גרונט‎ (grunt)
Old Norse: *grundr, grunnr (< Verner alternation *grunþuz, *grumþuz < gʰrḿ̥tus)
- Old Swedish: grunder
  - Swedish: grund
Gothic: *𐌲𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌿𐍃 (*grundus) (in 𐌲𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌿𐍅𐌰𐌳𐌳𐌾𐌿𐍃 (grunduwaddjus))

References

Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill

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[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill