Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hailagaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *hailaz +‎ *-gaz.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈxɑi̯.lɑ.ɣɑz/

Adjective

*hailagaz

holy, sacred

Inflection

Declension of *hailagaz (a-stem)

Strong declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*hailagaz	*hailagai	*hailagō	*hailagôz	*hailagą, -atō	*hailagō
Accusative	*hailaganǭ	*hailaganz	*hailagǭ	*hailagōz	*hailagą, -atō	*hailagō
Genitive	*hailagas, -is	*hailagaizǫ̂	*hailagaizōz	*hailagaizǫ̂	*hailagas, -is	*hailagaizǫ̂
Dative	*hailagammai	*hailagaimaz	*hailagaizōi	*hailagaimaz	*hailagammai	*hailagaimaz
Instrumental	*hailaganō	*hailagaimiz	*hailagaizō	*hailagaimiz	*hailaganō	*hailagaimiz

Weak declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*hailagô	*hailaganiz	*hailagǭ	*hailagōniz	*hailagô	*hailagōnō
Accusative	*hailaganų	*hailaganunz	*hailagōnų	*hailagōnunz	*hailagô	*hailagōnō
Genitive	*hailaginiz	*hailaganǫ̂	*hailagōniz	*hailagōnǫ̂	*hailaginiz	*hailaganǫ̂
Dative	*hailagini	*hailagammaz	*hailagōni	*hailagōmaz	*hailagini	*hailagammaz
Instrumental	*hailaginē	*hailagammiz	*hailagōnē	*hailagōmiz	*hailaginē	*hailagammiz

Derived terms

*hailagōną

Descendants

Old English: hāliġ, hāleġ, hālæġ
- Middle English: holy, hooly, holi, hooli, holye, holie, holly, hoolly, holli, hoolli, oly, oli, wholy, woly, hole, hali, haly, hayly, aly, ali, hale, hely, heli, holiȝ, holiȝe, holia, halge, halege, halȝe, hallȝhe, haliȝ, haliȝe, halie
  - English: holy
  - Scots: haly, halie
Old Frisian: hēlich, hillich
- Saterland Frisian: hillich
- West Frisian: hillich
Old Saxon: hēlag
- Middle Low German: hilch, hillich
  - Westphalian:
    Münsterländisch: hillig
    Westmünsterländisch: hillig
    East Westphalian: hilg (Ravensbergisch)
  - Plautdietsch: heilich
Old Dutch: heilig
- Middle Dutch: heilich
  - Dutch: heilig
Old High German: heilag
- Middle High German: heilec, heilic
  - Alemannic German: heilig
  - Central Franconian:
    Hunsrik: heilich
  - German: heilig
  - Luxembourgish: helleg
  - Rhine Franconian:
    Pennsylvania German: heilich
Old Norse: heilagr
- Icelandic: heilagur, helgur
- Faroese: heilagur, halgur
- Norwegian Nynorsk: heilag
- Old Swedish: hēlagher
  - Swedish: helig
- Danish: hellig
→ Norwegian Bokmål: hellig
Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐍃 (hailags)

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