Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hangistaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

*hanhistaz

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱanḱest-, *kankest- (“horse”). Cognate with Welsh caseg (“mare”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈxɑŋ.ɡi.stɑz/

Noun

*hangistaz m

horse, stallion

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *hangistaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*hangistaz	hangistōz, hangistōs
vocative	*hangist	hangistōz, hangistōs
accusative	*hangistą	*hangistanz
genitive	hangistas, hangistis	*hangistǫ̂
dative	*hangistai	*hangistamaz
instrumental	*hangistō	*hangistamiz

Descendants

Old English: hengest, hengst
- Middle English: hengest
- ⇒ Old English: *hengstmann, *hengestmann
  - Middle English: hengestman, henxtman, henshman
  - Scots: hensman, henceman
  - English: henchman
    - → Scots: hanchman
Old Frisian: hengst, hangst, hanxt, hingst
- North Frisian: hingst
- Saterland Frisian: Hingst, Hoangst
- West Frisian: hynst
  - ⇒ West Frisian: hynder
Old Saxon: *hengist
- Middle Low German: hengest, hingest, hengst, hingst
  - German Low German: Hingst
  - → Danish: hingst
  - → Lower Sorbian: hengist
  - → Norwegian: hingst
  - → Swedish: hingst
Frankish: changisto
- Old Dutch: hengist
  - Middle Dutch: hengest, hinxt, henxt
    - Dutch: hengst
      - Afrikaans: hings
Old High German: hengist
- Middle High German: hengest, hengst
  - Alemannic German: Hengscht
  - German: Hengst
  - Luxembourgish: Hengscht
  - Rhine Franconian:
    Pennsylvania German: Hengscht
Old Norse: hestr (< *hanhistaz)
- Faroese: hestur
- Icelandic: hestur
- Norn: hest
- Norwegian: hest
- Old Swedish: hæster
  - Swedish: häst
- Old Danish: hæst
  - Danish: hest
    - → Greenlandic: hiisti
- Westrobothnian: hist, heist, hest
- Elfdalian: est
- Gutnish: häst
- Scanian: hæst
- → Scots: hest, hesten

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