< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hardijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *harduz (hard, severe) + *-janą.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈxɑr.ði.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hardijaną

  1. to make hard, strong; to harden

Inflection

Derived terms

  • *hardīniz

Descendants

  • Old English: herdan, hierdan, hyrdan
  • Old Frisian: herda
  • Old Dutch: *herden
  • Old High German: herten
  • Old Norse: herða
    • Icelandic: herða
    • Old Swedish: hærþa
      • Swedish: härda
    • Old Danish: hærthæ
      • Danish: hærde
    • Westrobothnian: hehl, häl, hal
  • Gothic: *𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*hardjan), 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gahardjan)
  • → Finnish: kärsiä
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