< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrīmô

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

According to Kroonen, the nominative stem originally had a root-final -f, which was lost before the m of the mn-stem endings. This in turn stems from an older root-final -p. In the oblique stems, however, the m was lost instead, making the resulting -pn- cluster vulnerable to Kluge's law, which transformed it into a geminate -pp-. This geminate was then shortened due to a heavy long-vowel syllable preceding it.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈxriːmɔːː/

Noun

*hrīmô m [1]

  1. frost, hoarfrost
  2. soot

Inflection

An irregular mn-stem noun, displaying apparent consonant alternation between m in the nominative stem and p in oblique stems.

masculine an-stemDeclension of *hrīmô (masculine an-stem)
singular plural
nominative *hrīmô *hrīmaniz
vocative *hrīmô *hrīmaniz
accusative *hrīmanų *hrīpunz
genitive *hrīpaz *hrīpǫ̂
dative *hrīmini *hrīmummiz
instrumental *hrīpē *hrīpamiz

Descendants

From nominative stem hrīm-:

  • West Germanic: *hrīm
    • Old English: hrīm
    • Old Frisian: *hrīm (in derivatives: hrīmich, hrīmech)
    • Old Dutch: *rīm
    • Old High German: *hrīm, *rīm
      • Middle High German: rīm
        • Bavarian: Reim, Rein (Tyrol)
        • ⇒ Middle High German: rīmelen, rīmeln (“to be covered with rime”)
    • → Old French: frime; frimas
  • Old Norse: hrím n

From oblique stem hrīp-:

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “hrīman- ~ hrīpan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 247
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