< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skaþjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *skh₁tH-, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)keh₁t- (“damage, harm”).[1] Cognate with Ancient Greek ἀσκηθής (askēthḗs, “intact, safe, sound”, literally “without damage”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈskɑθ.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*skaþjaną

  1. To mar; damage
  2. To injure; hurt

Inflection
Conjugation of *skaþjaną (strong class 6 j-present)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *skaþjō*skaþjaų—*skaþjai*?
2nd singular *skaþisi*skaþjais*skaþi*skaþjasai*skaþjaisau
3rd singular *skaþiþi*skaþjai*skaþjaþau*skaþjaþai*skaþjaiþau
1st dual *skaþjōs*skaþjaiw———
2nd dual *skaþjaþiz*skaþjaiþiz*skaþjaþiz——
1st plural *skaþjamaz*skaþjaim—*skaþjanþai*skaþjainþau
2nd plural *skaþiþ*skaþjaiþ*skaþiþ*skaþjanþai*skaþjainþau
3rd plural *skaþjanþi*skaþjain*skaþjanþau*skaþjanþai*skaþjainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *skōd*skōdį̄
2nd singular *skōst*skōdīz
3rd singular *skōd*skōdī
1st dual *skōdū*skōdīw
2nd dual *skōdudiz*skōdīdiz
1st plural *skōdum*skōdīm
2nd plural *skōdud*skōdīd
3rd plural *skōdun*skōdīn
present past
participles *skaþjandz*skadanaz

Descendants
  • Old English: sċeþþan, sċieþþan; sċeaþþan; sċæþful, sċeaþful; sċeþþiġ, sċeþþiġness
  • Old Saxon: skeððan, *skeþþan, *skeththan
  • Old Norse: skeðja
  • Gothic: 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (skaþjan)

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill
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