Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swalwǭ

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Uncertain. Possibly related to Russian соловей (solovej, “nightingale”). Possibly related to Greek αλκυών (alkyón, “kingfisher”), in which case the corresponding PGmc reconstruction would be *swalhwǭ.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈswɑl.wɔ̃ː/

Noun

*swalwǭ f

swallow (bird)

Inflection

ōn-stemDeclension of *swalwǭ (ōn-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*swalwǭ	*swalwōniz
vocative	*swalwǭ	*swalwōniz
accusative	*swalwōnų	*swalwōnunz
genitive	*swalwōniz	*swalwōnǫ̂
dative	*swalwōni	*swalwōmaz
instrumental	*swalwōnē	*swalwōmiz

Descendants

Old English: swealwe, sƿealƿe, swealewe
- Middle English: swalwe, swalewe, swalowe, swhalow, sualow, swalow, swalue, swolwe, swaluwe, swalew, swalugh
  - English: swallow
  - Scots: swalla, swallae
Old Frisian: swale
- North Frisian: swaal, swul, swol
- West Frisian: swel
Old Saxon: swala
- Middle Low German: swale
  - Dutch Low Saxon: swaalfe
  - German Low German: Schwaale
Old Dutch: *swalwa, *swalawa
- Middle Dutch: swalwe, swalewe
  - Dutch: zwaluw, zwalf, zwavel, zwalver, zwalm
    - Afrikaans: swael
Old High German: swalwa
- Middle High German: swalwe
  - Alemannic German: Schwalme
    Swabian: Schwaba
  - German: Schwalbe
    - → Dutch: schwalbe
    - → Silesian: šwalbkowate (compounded with native word)
  - Vilamovian: śwojmła
Old Norse: svala
- Icelandic: svala
- Faroese: svala
- Norwegian: svale
- Old Swedish: svala
  - Swedish: svala
- Old Danish: swalæ, swolæ
  - Danish: svale, sole
- Westrobothnian: svǫlu, sulv, sǫlvu
- Elfdalian: såla
- Gutnish: svale
- Scanian: svala
→ Samic: *svālfō
- Northern Sami: spálfu

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