Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swestēr

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Remodeled based on analogy with *-tēr kinship words, from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈswes.tɛːr/

Noun

*swestēr f

sister

Inflection

r-stemDeclension of *swestēr (r-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*swestēr	*swistriz
vocative	*swester	*swistriz
accusative	*swesterų	*swestrunz
genitive	*swesturz	*swestrǫ̂
dative	*swistri	*swestrumaz
instrumental	*swestrē	*swestrumiz

Descendants

Old English: sweostor, sweoster, sƿeostor, swester, suoester, swustor
- Middle English: suster, syster, soster, sistir, sustir, syster, scyster, cystyr, cyster, systir, systyr, souster, sister
  - English: sister
  - Scots: sister, syster
  - Yola: zister
Old Frisian: swester
- Saterland Frisian: Suster
- West Frisian: sus
Old Saxon: swestar
- Middle Low German: süster, syster, swester
  - Low German: swester, süster, syster
  - Plautdietsch: Sesta
Old Dutch: *swestar
- Middle Dutch: suster
  - Dutch: zus, zuster
    - Afrikaans: sus, suster
    - → Indonesian: suster
Old High German: swester
- Middle High German: swëster, suster, süster
  - Alemannic German:
    Italian Walser: schweschter
  - Bavarian:
    Cimbrian: sbestar, sbéstar, sbeistar
    Mòcheno: schbester
    Udinese: schbeschter, schbeister, sghbeistar
  - Central Franconian: Sester, Söster (obsolete)
  - German: Schwester
    - → Central Franconian: Schwester
    - → Luxembourgish: Schwëster
  - Hunsrik: Schwesder
  - Luxembourgish: Sëschter (archaic)
  - Rhine Franconian:
    Pennsylvania German: Schweschder
  - Vilamovian: syster
  - Yiddish: שוועסטער‎ (shvester)
Norse: ᛊᚹᛖᛊᛏᚨᚱ (swestar)
- Old Norse: systir
  - Icelandic: systir
  - Faroese: systir
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: syster
  - Old Swedish: systir
    - Swedish: syster
  - Danish: søster
    - Norwegian Bokmål: søster
  - Old Gutnish: systir
    - Gutnish: systar
  - English: sister
Gothic: 𐍃𐍅𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐍂 (swistar)
Crimean Gothic: schuuester

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